修回日期: 2008-01-14
接受日期: 2008-01-21
在线出版日期: 2008-02-08
目的: 研究血管内皮生长因子C(VEGF-C)及其受体VEGFR-3在食管鳞癌组织和癌旁组织中的表达, 并分析他们与肿瘤病理分级、淋巴结转移等临床病理特征之间的关系.
方法: 运用免疫组织化学法检测37例食管鳞癌组织和12例癌旁组织中VEGF-C和VEGFR-3的表达情况, 并对阳性表达VEGFR-3的组织进行染色管腔计数.
结果: 37例食管鳞癌组织和12例癌旁组织中VEGF-C的阳性表达率分别为43.24%(16/37)和7.69%(1/12), 二者有显著性差异(P<0.05). 在肿瘤组织中VEGF-C的表达与淋巴结转移和肿瘤浸润深度显著相关(P = 0.000, P = 0.026), 而与患者年龄、肿瘤大小和肿瘤分级无明显相关性; VEGF-C阳性组的VEGFR-3染色脉管计数较VEGF-C阴性组高, 二者有明显相关性(5.50±1.37/HPF vs 2.81±1.12/HPF, P<0.05); 淋巴结转移组VEGFR-3阳性染色脉管计数较无转移组的计数高(5.60±1.45/HPF vs 2.86±1.04/HPF, P<0.001).
结论: VEGF-C在食管鳞癌组织中的表达明显高于癌旁组织, 且与淋巴结转移和肿瘤浸润深度有相关性. VEGF-C和VEGFR-3可能介导食管鳞癌中脉管的生成, 并参与肿瘤的淋巴结
转移.
引文著录: 刘鹏飞, 刘兵团, 沈卫东, 施瑞华, 朱宏. 血管内皮生长因子C与其受体在食管鳞癌中的表达及临床意义. 世界华人消化杂志 2008; 16(4): 431-435
Revised: January 14, 2008
Accepted: January 21, 2008
Published online: February 8, 2008
AIM: To investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) and its receptor VEGFR-3 in esophageal squamous carcinoma and para-tumorous tissue samples and the relationship between VEGF-C and VEGFR-3.
METHODS: Expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 was tested by immunohistochemistry in 37 esophageal squamous carcinoma and 12 para-tumorous tissue samples. The number of stained lymphatic vessels in VEGFR-3 positive tissue samples was recorded.
RESULTS: The positive expression rate of VEGF-C was 43.24% in esophageal carcinoma tissue samples (16/37), which was much higher than that in para-tumorous tissue samples (7.69%, P < 0.05) and correlated to lymph node metastasis and depth of tumor invasion (P = 0.000, P = 0.026), but not to the patient age, tumor size or differentiation. Immunohistochemistry showed that the mean number of VEGFR-3 in stained lymphatic vessels of the VEGF-C positive group was higher than that in the VEGF-C negative group (5.50 ± 1.37/HPF vs 2.81 ± 1.12/HPF, P < 0.05). The mean number of VEGFR-3 in stained lymphatic vessels in patients with lymph node metastasis was higher than that in those without metastasis (5.60 ± 1.45/HPF vs 2.86 ± 1.04/HPF, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: The positive expression rate of VEGF-C is higher in carcinoma tissue samples than in para-tumorous tissue samples. Expression of VEGF-C is closely related with lymph node metastasis and depth of tumor invasion. VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 may promote the growth of canalis haemalis and metastasis of esophageal squamous carcinoma.
- Citation: Liu PF, Liu BT, Shen WD, Shi RH, Zhu H. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-C and its receptor in esophageal squamous carcinoma tissues and its clinical significance. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2008; 16(4): 431-435
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1009-3079/full/v16/i4/431.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.11569/wcjd.v16.i4.431
食管癌是我国常见恶性肿瘤之一, 发病率高, 预后较差, 鳞癌为其主要病理类型, 发生淋巴结转移是造成预后不佳的主要原因之一. 研究认为, 血管内皮生长因子C(VEGF-C)及其受体VEGFR-3的结合可以参与胃癌等多种肿瘤的淋巴管的形成[1-4], 参与淋巴结转移[5-7], 但对于二者在食管癌组织中表达的研究较少. 本研究即应用免疫组化法检测了37例食管鳞癌组织中VEGF-C和VEGFR-3的表达, 旨在探讨二者在食管癌发生、发展和淋巴管生成中的作用及其与食管癌临床病理特征之间的关系, 从而为食管癌的临床诊断以及判断预后提供参考.
37例食管鳞癌、12例癌旁组织标本取自2005-09/2007-06经江苏省人民医院和江阴市人民医院病理科组织病理学证实, 患者年龄36-80(平均年龄58)岁, 男27例, 女10例, 其中发生淋巴结转移的有15例. 山羊抗人VEGF-C抗体购自R&D公司, 兔抗人VEGFR-3抗体购自CHEMICON公司, S-P免疫组化试剂盒及DAB染色试剂盒购自福州迈新生物技术公司.
免疫组织化学法按朱宏et al[8]报道方法操作, 本实验以PBS液代替一抗作为阴性对照. VEGF-C免疫组化染色结果的判断: 在放大200倍视野下, 每张切片观察5个视野, 根据染色程度和染色细胞百分比进行评分. 染色程度: 基本不着色为0级; 着色呈淡黄色为1级; 着色呈黄色为2级; 着色呈棕褐色为3级. 染色阳性细胞百分比: 着色阳性细胞占计数细胞<5%为0级; 6%-25%为1级; 26%-50%为2级; 超过51%为3级. 将染色程度分级与着色细胞百分比分级相乘, 乘积大于4者为阳性表达, 0-3者为阴性表达[9]. VEGFR-3免疫组化染色结果判断: 首先低倍镜下确定脉管着色最密集区(热区), 然后在高倍视野(high power field, HPF)下计数5个高倍视野中阳性脉管密度, 取均数作为淋巴管数.
统计学处理 应用SPSS10.0统计软件包进行统计分析, 运用χ2检验、t检验及Fisher确切概率法统计. P<0.05差异有统计学意义.
VEGF-C主要定位于肿瘤细胞质内(图1A-B), 37例食管癌组织中VEGF-C的阳性表达率为43.24%(16/37), 12例癌旁组织的阳性表达率为7.69%(1/12), 二者有显著性差异(P<0.05). 肿瘤组织中VEGF-C的表达与淋巴结转移和肿瘤浸润深度显著相关(P<0.05), 与年龄、肿瘤大小、肿瘤分级和肿瘤位置等无明显相关性(表1); 根据S-P法免疫组化的结果我们还发现, 在VEGF-C表达阳性的16例肿瘤组织中VEGFR-3阳性脉管的平均计数为(5.50±1.37)/HP, 显著高于VEGF-C阴性组织(2.81±1.12)/HPF, 二者有明显相关性(P<0.05, 图1C). 淋巴结转移组VEGFR-3阳性染色脉管计数(5.60±1.45/HPF)与无转移组的计数(2.86±1.04/HPF)有显著性差异(P<0.001).
临床特征 | n | VEGF-C | χ2 | P值 | |
+ | - | ||||
年龄 | |||||
≥50 | 29 | 12 | 17 | ||
<50 | 8 | 4 | 4 | - | 0.705 |
性别 | |||||
男 | 27 | 10 | 17 | ||
女 | 10 | 6 | 4 | - | 0.274 |
肿瘤大小 | |||||
≥5 cm | 10 | 5 | 5 | ||
<5 cm | 27 | 11 | 16 | - | 0.716 |
浸润深度 | |||||
有浆膜浸润 | 20 | 12 | 8 | ||
无浆膜浸润 | 17 | 4 | 13 | 4.98 | 0.026 |
淋巴结转移情况 | |||||
有转移 | 15 | 12 | 3 | ||
无转移 | 22 | 4 | 18 | 13.89 | 0.000 |
分化程度 | |||||
Ⅰ-Ⅱ | 24 | 10 | 14 | ||
Ⅲ | 13 | 6 | 7 | 0.069 | 0.793 |
肿瘤位置 | |||||
上段 | 6 | 2 | 4 | ||
中段 | 19 | 8 | 11 | 0.473 | 0.793 |
下段 | 12 | 6 | 6 |
食管癌是严重危害人民生命安全的疾病, 在我国发生率高, 手术为主要治疗手段, 但手术切除率较低, 术后复发率高, 预后较差. 目前认为, 食管癌发生淋巴结转移是造成预后不佳的主要原因之一, 因此研究肿瘤细胞淋巴管转移有重要的临床意义.
人类VEGF基因位于染色体6p21.3上, 全长24 kb, 编码VEGF的基因长约14 kb, 有VEGF-A、VEGF-B、VEGF-C、VEGF-D和PIGF等五种亚型, 目前认为VEGF与肿瘤的血管和淋巴管等生成有密切的关系[10]. VEGF-C是Joukov et al[11]最先在前列腺PC-3细胞系中提纯出来, 目前被认为是淋巴管生长因子之一, 在促进淋巴管内皮细胞的增殖过程中发挥重要作用[12], 其受体主要是位于内皮细胞膜上的VEGFR-2(KDR)和VEGFR-3(Flt4), 其中VEGF-C对VEGFR-3的亲和能力较VEGFR-2高得多, 主要参与淋巴管生成. 近年研究发现VEGF-C在多种恶性肿瘤如乳腺癌、甲状腺癌等都高表达, 且与淋巴结转移有一定相关性[3,13-17], 并影响患者的预后[18]. Wang et al[19]发现胃癌患者的血浆VEGF-C水平和淋巴管密度与肿瘤的淋巴管转移及其患者的预后有关. 有人发现在肿瘤边缘生长旺盛的部分VEGF的表达强度高于中心位置[20], 原因尚不清楚. Kitadai et al[21]用RT-PCR法检测食管鳞癌中VEGF-C mRNA的表达, 发现66.7%的食管癌表达而正常食管黏膜无表达, 并发现在5种食管癌细胞株中有4种表达. 有人研究了食管鳞癌中VEGF-C和P53的表达, 发现二者与肿瘤的淋巴结转移有相关性[22].
VEGFR-3即血管内皮生长因子受体3, 在胚胎时期, 他主要表达于淋巴管从胚胎静脉发芽处, 在胚胎后期以及出生以后则主要表达在淋巴管内皮细胞. 他是目前发现的淋巴管生成的主要受体, 也是淋巴管较为特异的标志物[23], Valtola et al[24]发现在正常乳腺组织和乳腺癌组织内的淋巴管内皮细胞皆有VEGFR-3的高表达. Roberts et al[25]的动物实验研究显示VEGFR-3可以介导乳腺癌的淋巴转移和肺转移, 而通过对其抑制可以降低转移风险. 有研究发现, VEGF-C可以和VEGFR-3结合并使受体自身磷酸化, 引起淋巴内皮细胞的增殖, 促进淋巴管生成[26]. VEGF-C和VEGFR-3对肿瘤转移的诱导作用已经在多种肿瘤中发现[27-29].
实验结果显示, 37例食管鳞癌组织中16例VEGF-C表达阳性, 阳性率为43.24%, 明显高于癌旁组织表达(7.69%, P<0.05). 提示VEGF-C可能与肿瘤的发生有一定相关性. 同时我们也研究了VEGF-C与食管鳞癌临床病理特征之间的关系, 发现VEGF-C的表达与淋巴结转移和浸润深度相关, 已发生淋巴结转移或浸润已达到浆膜层的组织VEGF-C表达高(P<0.05), 表明其表达可能与食管癌的浸润、转移有一定相关性, 这与Kitadai的研究结果基本一致[21]. 本研究未发现VEGF-C与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、肿瘤分化程度和肿瘤位置等临床病理特征之间有明显相关性. 我们对肿瘤组织中VEGFR-3染色阳性的淋巴管进行计数, 并将其进行统计分析, 发现VEGF-C阳性组染色淋巴管计数较VEGF-C阴性组高, 二者有统计学差异(P<0.05), 提示VEGF-C与VEGFR-3之间有相关性, 且发生淋巴结转移组的VEGFR-3计数较未发生转移组的计数要高, 提示VEGF-C可能通过激活食管癌淋巴管内皮细胞膜上的受体VEGFR-3引起淋巴管增生, 从而促进肿瘤的转移.
我们通过对食管鳞癌组织中VEGF-C和VEGFR-3的联合检测, 发现他们是浸润、转移情况的一项重要指标, 具有一定的临床应用前景. 但目前对VEGF-C和VEGFR-3作用于肿瘤的确切机制尚不完全清楚, 需要进一步深入研究.
VEGF-C在多种肿瘤组织和细胞株中都有表达, VEGF-C及其受体VEGFR-3的结合可以参与胃癌等多种肿瘤的淋巴管的形成, 但是二者在食管癌浸润、转移过程中所起的作用有待进一步研究.
王健生, 副教授, 西安交通大学医学院第一附属医院肿瘤外科
近年来人们对VEGF-C和VEGFR-3与肿瘤的研究文献较多, 并且发现他们是胃癌等多种肿瘤淋巴结转移的重要指标, 但在食管鳞癌中的报道较少, 且其具体机制尚不完全清楚, 今后研究的重点是进一步探究二者介导肿瘤转移的确切机制.
Skobe et al发现VEGF-C能够介导乳腺癌的转移, Sergio Dias et al研究发现VEGF-C通过与其受体FLT-4 (即VEGFR-3)的结合能够促进和增强白血病细胞的增殖、存活和对化疗的抵抗力.
本文对食管鳞癌组织中VEGF-C和VEGFR-3联合检测, 发现二者具有相关性, 并且是食管鳞癌浸润、转移的一项重要指标, 可为以后的临床应用提供参考.
本文的科学性、创新性和可读性能较好地反映我国食管鳞癌转移研究的水平.
编辑: 程剑侠 电编: 郭海丽
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