修回日期: 2006-09-17
接受日期: 2006-09-20
在线出版日期: 2006-12-08
继发于胃肠道癌的卵巢转移性癌称作Krukenberg瘤, 而表现为Krukenberg瘤的胰腺癌卵巢转移病例尚属罕见, 本文报道1例表现为Krukenberg瘤的胰腺癌卵巢转移病例.
引文著录: 章颖, 马向涛, 付静, 余力伟. 表现为Krukenberg瘤的胰腺癌卵巢转移1例. 世界华人消化杂志 2006; 14(34): 3333-3334
Revised: September 17, 2006
Accepted: September 20, 2006
Published online: December 8, 2006
N/A
- Citation: N/A. N/A. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2006; 14(34): 3333-3334
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1009-3079/full/v14/i34/3333.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.11569/wcjd.v14.i34.3333
继发于胃肠道癌的卵巢转移性癌称作Krukenberg瘤, 也有学者将来源于全身任何部位肿瘤转移到卵巢称为Krukenberg瘤, 而表现为Krukenberg瘤的胰腺癌卵巢转移病例尚属罕见[1-2].
女, 67岁, 因胰头十二指肠切除术后16 mo, 发现右下腹肿物1 mo, 于2005-10-17收入院. 患者16 mo前因胰头癌于我院行胰头十二指肠切除术, 术后病理报告: 胰头中分化腺癌Ⅲ期(T3N1M0), 肿物无明显包膜, 呈浸润性生长, 破坏胰头大部分胰腺组织. 术后给予2个周期化疗, 方案为GCF(吉西他滨1000 mg/m2+5-氟尿嘧啶500 mg/m2+甲酰四氢叶酸钙200 mg iv), 连续3 wk, 休息1 wk, 间隔6-8 wk进行下一疗程化疗, CA19-9稳定于80-140 kU/L之间. 入院查体: 体温 36.6 ℃, 血压 16/10 kpa, 皮肤巩膜无黄染, 腹软无压痛, 右下腹可触及质硬肿物, 约5 cm×4 cm大小, 表面不光滑, 活动度良好, 与皮肤无黏连, 无明显触痛, 肝脾肋下未及. 实验室检查: 白细胞5.36×109/L, 中性粒细胞0.672, 红细胞3.47×1012/L, 血红蛋白126 g/L, 血小板254×109/L , 总蛋白68 g/L, 白蛋白41 g/L, CEA 5.12 mg/L(正常值0-3.4 mg/L), CA19-9 4406 kU/L(正常值0-35 kU/L), AFP 2.81 kU/L(正常值<5.8 kU/L). 胸片: 双肺未见异常. 腹部B超: 肝脏多发转移. 盆腔B超: 右附件囊实性肿物, 6 cm×5 cm×4 cm大小, 内部回声欠均匀, 左附件实性肿物, 4.3 cm×3.2 cm×2.1 cm大小, 形态不规整. 盆腔CT: 盆腔内多发囊实性占位, 卵巢占位可能性大. 2005-11-22于全麻下行剖腹探查术, 术中发现腹腔内少量腹水, 腹膜表面遍布白色粟粒样结节, 原手术部位黏连严重, 左右卵巢均增大, 分别为4.0 cm×3.0 cm×2.5 cm与6.0 cm×5.0 cm×4.0 cm大小, 表面光滑. 术后病理为胰腺癌卵巢转移.
卵巢转移癌占所有卵巢恶性肿瘤的2.8%-29.4%, 原发肿瘤主要来源于胃肠道、乳腺以及子宫内膜癌等[3-4], 而表现为Krukenberg瘤的胰腺癌卵巢转移病例尚属罕见. Krukenberg 瘤形成机制可能与淋巴途径转移有关. 肿瘤细胞进入后腹膜淋巴系统, 阻塞淋巴管的上行通路造成淋巴引流的逆行, 将扩散的癌细胞带至腹主动脉旁淋巴结及盆腔淋巴结, 形成卵巢转移[5-6]. 临床上绝大多数Krukenberg瘤累及双侧卵巢, 因转移而增大的卵巢常保持原来的形态, 镜下可见淋巴管内癌栓[7-8].
Krukenberg瘤发病年龄一般为42-47岁, 一般比原发性卵巢癌年轻10-15岁, 且多见于绝经前妇女, 可能由于功能旺盛、血运丰富的卵巢适应转移瘤的生长[9-11]. 临床主要症状是下腹痛、胀满及肠道不适等, 体检常发现盆腔肿物及腹水. 当患者原发肿瘤合并存在时, 两者症状可以相互干扰, 造成诊断困难[12-13].
原发灶诊断与继发瘤症状出现时间间隔较短, 一般不超过3年时间, 也可同时发现原发灶和转移灶. 因为胃肠道来源的卵巢转移瘤与原发性卵巢上皮癌形态差别不大, 所以通过HE染色来判断卵巢肿瘤是原发还是转移是有一定困难[3-6]. CK7在一些卵巢原发性腺癌、乳腺癌、肺腺癌等中表达, 而在胃肠道来源的腺癌中一般为阴性, CK7阴性基本上排除了原发性卵巢癌[14-16]. 手术探查是明确消化道肿瘤的重要手段, 凡术前拟诊为卵巢转移瘤或术中发现肿瘤可疑者均应仔细探查腹腔.
由于原发灶在胃或结肠等腹腔器官, 常在卵巢转移瘤出现后始得到诊断, 故对于原发灶能切除者应连同卵巢转移灶一并切除[17-19]. 胃癌一般选择姑息性切除手术, 以减少出血、穿孔、梗阻等严重并发症的发生. 姑息性切除能否延长生存时间一直存在争论, 但目前认为切除后能减轻机体对肿瘤的负荷, 有利提高术后化疗、免疫等综合治疗的疗效. 如原发灶位于结肠一般恶性较低, 应争取和继发灶一并切除[8]. 即使如原发灶不能切除的患者, 行姑息性卵巢转移瘤切除术后再行化疗, 有些患者仍能得到比较满意的疗效. 转移瘤切除范围根据患者具体情况而定, 并尽可能切除盆腔转移灶, 根据原发肿瘤的部位和性质、选择适当的抗癌药物进行化疗[20-21].
Krukenberg瘤预后差, 多数患者于诊断明确后1年内死亡[22]. 卵巢转移肿瘤切除术后5年生存率由12%-19%不等, 其中卵巢转移瘤来源于妇科肿瘤的患者5年生存率达34%-47%, 而来源于其他部位的肿瘤患者5年生存率只有5.4%-19%[17,20,22].
卵巢转移癌主要来源于胃肠道、乳腺以及子宫内膜癌等, 而表现为Krukenberg瘤的胰腺癌卵巢转移病例尚属罕见 .
姑息性切除能减轻机体对肿瘤的负荷, 有利提高术后化疗、免疫等综合治疗的疗效.
电编:李琪 编辑:张焕兰
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