修回日期: 2006-07-27
接受日期: 2006-08-10
在线出版日期: 2006-12-08
目的: 探讨EAP化疗联合60Co局部放疗对晚期食管癌伴骨转移患者预后及IL-2系统的影响.
方法: 晚期食管癌伴骨转移患者66例, 分静脉化疗联合放疗治疗组和静脉化疗对照组. 两组患者在治疗前及1疗程后分别检测IL-2, IL-2R和sIL-2R的水平, 并观察其近期疗效.
结果: 治疗组1疗程的近期有效率及1 a生存率显著高于对照组(93.93% vs 36.36%, P<0.01; 90.90% vs 54.54%, P<0.01), 并且治疗组IL-2, IL-2R, sIL-2R水平显著高于对照组(23.6±3.12, 23.1±3.14, 771.4±11.32 ng/L vs 44.1±4.07, 53.2±5.24, 123.2±9.34 ng/L, P<0.01).
结论: 经EAP化疗联合60Co局部放疗治疗骨转移晚期食管癌患者, 可显著改善了其IL-2免疫系统的失衡, 并能提高晚期食管癌伴骨转移患者的骨痛缓解率、近期有效率及生存率.
引文著录: 达炜, 宋明全, 孙群, 朱励, 张强, 陈金联, 王龙, 王如华, 朱金水. EAP化疗联合60Co局部放疗对晚期食管癌伴骨转移患者预后及IL-2系统的影响. 世界华人消化杂志 2006; 14(34): 3314-3316
Revised: July 27, 2006
Accepted: August 10, 2006
Published online: December 8, 2006
AIM: To observe the changes of interleukin-2 (IL-2) system and prognosis of esophageal cancer patients with bone metastasis after EAP chemotherapy combined with local radiotherapy.
METHODS: A total of 66 advanced esophageal cancer patients with bone metastasis were divided into 2 groups. One group received 60Co local radiotherapy in combination with the regimen of intravenous chemotherapy at normal dosage of EAP (VP16100 mg/m2, topmycine 4 mg/m2 and carboplatin 60 mg/m2), and the other group only received intravenous chemotherapy. The levels of IL-2, IL-2 receptor and soluble IL-2 receptor were detected before and after treatment.
RESULTS: The short-term efficacy and 1-year survival rate were significantly higher in the patients with combined treatment than those in the controls (93.93% vs 36.36%, P < 0.01; 90.90% vs 54.54%, P < 0.01). Moreover, the levels of IL-2, IL-2 receptor, soluble IL-2 receptor were also markedly higher in the former (23.6 ± 3.12, 23.1 ± 3.14, 771.4 ± 11.32 ng/L vs 44.1 ± 4.07, 53.2 ± 5.24, 123.2 ± 9.34 ng/L, P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Intravenous chemotherapy in combination with radiotherapy can significantly improve the levels of IL-2, IL-2 receptor, and soluble IL-2 receptor as well as the prognosis of esophageal cancer patients with bone metastasis.
- Citation: Da W, Song MQ, Sun Q, Zhu L, Zhang Q, Chen JL, Wang L, Wang RH, Zhu JS. Influence of EAP chemotherapy combined with local radiotherapy on the prognosis and interleukin-2 system of esophageal cancer patients with bone metastasis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2006; 14(34): 3314-3316
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1009-3079/full/v14/i34/3314.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.11569/wcjd.v14.i34.3314
晚期食管癌伴骨转移往往不能进行手术治疗, 即使行单纯手术切除、静脉化疗、介入化疗等治疗疗效不佳[1]. 局部60Co放疗联合EAP化疗治疗食管癌及骨转移灶的应用较少, 晚期食管癌患者骨转移常有严重疼痛、进食梗阻等症状, 常规静脉化疗后存在严重的骨髓抑制及外周血粒细胞下降继发感染. 而放疗副作用主要对放射区域内的正常骨组织损伤、肿瘤放疗时间长短的控制问题[2-3]. 我们采用常规剂量EAP化疗方案结合局部放射治疗食管癌骨转移患者取得良好疗效, 缓解了骨转移患者骨疼痛, 延长了该类患者的生存期, 改善了患者的生活质量, 并初步探讨了该方法治疗晚期食管癌骨转移疗效及相关的免疫机制.
我院1999-08/2005-08收治的食管癌骨转移患者66例, 其中男35例, 女31例, 胃镜及病理证实为未分化鳞状细胞癌, 年龄36-68(平均52.3±3.2)岁. 食管癌骨内转移病灶均经CT及活检病理证实, 为无手术指征或自愿放弃手术者, 并按照生活质量的国际KPS评分标准60-90分[1], 且治疗前均未使用干扰素或白介素-2等调节免疫的生物制品患者, 按照抽信封法随机分成一般剂量EAP静脉化疗对照组及EAP静脉化疗联合低剂量(TD3000-3500CGY) 60Co局部放疗治疗组, 前组33例, 后组33例.
所有患者均行静脉滴注化疗药物, 采用常规EAP方案(VP16 100 mg/m2+topmycine 4 mg/m2+carboplatin 60 mg/m2). 单纯静脉滴注化疗组予每6-7 wk重复一次治疗, 共予2-3个周期. 联合治疗组在原发灶及骨转移肿瘤首次局部放疗2 wk后开始常规EAP方案静脉化疗, 4 wk为1疗程; 放疗定位依照碘油肿瘤染色结合CT图像, 若病灶弥漫分布, 予食管中平面TD2000CGY; 若病灶单一或局限, 设小野照射, TD3000-3500CGY/次. 放疗分割剂量TD150-155CGY/次, 1次/d, 1-5次/wk, 整个化疗加放疗治疗周期为5-9 wk. 肿瘤的疗效按WHO实体瘤疗效判定标准评价, 化疗毒性按美国全国各临床肿瘤协作组制定的化疗毒性分级系统评价, 骨转移区疼痛程度按数字分级法进行评价[2].
统计学处理 采用SPSS11.5统计软件包进行统计学处理.
食管癌伴发进食梗阻及骨转移引起顽固性疼痛严重影响患者生活质量及预后, 我们前期研究报道高剂量EAP动脉化疗对晚期胃癌有效, 采用常规剂量静脉化疗联合低剂量的放射治疗, 在保证肿瘤局控率的前提下, 使严重的骨髓抑制发生率得以降低, 显著提高了患者治疗后的免疫调节因子IL-2, TNF-α及IFNg的水平[3-4]. 本研究60Co局部放疗结合EAP化疗较单纯静脉化疗有利于食管癌患者机体IL-2系统的免疫调节失衡功能的恢复, 显著提高了患者治疗后IL-2及IL-2R水平, 降低了免疫抑制因子sIL-2R水平, 从而增强了机体免疫功能, 其近期有效率、半年、1 a生存率及骨疼痛缓解率显著高于对照组, 从而提高了患者的生活质量[13-19], 我们曾采用EAP化疗结合放疗对晚期胃癌有一定疗效[20], 但效果没有应用于治疗食管癌明显, 其机制可能与食管肿瘤组织对60Co局部放疗高度敏感有关, 联合EAP方案中的化疗药物相对集中于肿瘤分布区, 缓慢释放, 抑制了肿瘤对周围正常组织的浸润. 多项随机对照研究认为经静脉化疗并不一定能够取得生存期的延长[21]. 本文研究证实在EAP静脉化疗的基础上进行局部60Co放射治疗, 利用卡铂、VP16的放疗增敏特性可有疗效相加作用, 其机制包括药物抑制放射损伤的修复, 使细胞同步化, 降低乏氧细胞的比例等, 因而化疗药物往往能增加放疗的肿瘤治疗效果[3-5]. 根据碘油肿瘤染色, 可在透视下直接观察到骨内肿瘤位置, 提高放疗靶区定位的精确度, 减轻对正常骨组织的损伤[6-12].
对骨转移组织实施三维放疗有利于提高靶区放疗剂量, 可望取得更好的肿瘤局控率, 相对于晚期食管癌患者而言, 肿瘤局控率的提高往往并不意味着生存期的延长, 多处器官的转移和基础疾病的恶化对生存的影响更大, 目前尚待进一步随访观察.
静脉化疗和放射治疗均是临床上治疗食管癌的常用治疗方法, 已经有大量报道, 作者等前期研究报道了高剂量EAP动脉化疗对晚期胃癌有效.
本文通过研究联合静脉化疗以及放疗来治疗晚期食管癌伴骨转移, 以求达到效果好, 副反应小等目的. 研究中用于观测的免疫学指标都已经被广泛应用. 同时, 联合治疗可以有效地改善IL-2系统的免疫调节功能, 增强免疫能力, 提高疗效, 在治疗恶性肿瘤中具有一定的优势.
本文设计合理, 科学, 有新意, 对临床有一定实际指导价值.
电编:张敏 编辑:王晓瑜
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