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由于细菌移位和内毒素血症是心衰发生后以及胃肠道发生一系列变化的重要环节, 针对细菌移位以及内毒素血症的治疗是目前心衰研究的热点. Gennari et al[10]在大鼠内毒素血症模型中应用依那普利, 发现可减少细菌移位的发生. 推断其作用机制可能与减少黄嘌呤氧化酶的氧自由基损伤作用有关. Sorkine et al[61]研究发现, 应用抗生素或者乳酸杆菌对肠道内细菌进行选择性肠道脱污染(selective decontamination of the digestive tract, SDD), 则循环中内毒素以及TNF水平相对于对照组明显减少. Sabine et al研究认为, 心力衰竭患者中出现的内毒素能够刺激肿瘤坏死因子-α的产生, 对内毒素信号传导进行治疗可能对心衰患者有益.
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