This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Relationship between expression of matrix metalloproteinase and clinicopathological characteristics in esophageal carcinoma
Cui-Ping Zhang, Hui-Guang Xue, Jun Wu, Qi Zhang, Xin-Juan Kong
Cui-Ping Zhang, Hui-Guang Xue, Jun Wu, Qi Zhang, Xin-Juan Kong, Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
Supported by: the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, No. 1999CA1CKB3.
Correspondence to: Dr Cui-Ping Zhang, Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China. jianyilu16@yahoo.com.cn
Received: December 29, 2005 Revised: March 1, 2006 Accepted: March 11, 2006 Published online: April 28, 2006
AIM: To study the expression of matrix metallo-proteinases (MMP-2, MMP-7, and MMP-9) and their correlations with clinicopathological characteristics in esophageal carcinoma.
METHODS: The expression of MMP-2, MMP-7, and MMP-9 mRNA were detected in 48 cases of esophageal carcinoma and cancer-adjacent tissues by the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
RESULTS: The expression of MMP-2, MMP-7, and MMP-9 were significantly higher in esophageal carcinoma tissues than those in cancer-adjacent ones, respectively (χ2 = 5.978, 19.045, 5.440; P < 0.05-0.001). The expression of MMP was markedly correlated with the tumor size (r = 0.84, 0.70, 0.48; P < 0.05-0.001), degree of differentiation (r = 0.89, 0.57, 0.91; P < 0.05), and clinical staging (r = 0.81, 0.73, 0.61; P < 0.05). MMP-2 expression was also notably correlated with lymph node metastasis (r = 0.048, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The over-expression of MMP is correlated with the carcinogenesis, development and metastasis of esophageal carcinoma, which can be used as important indexes to judge the invasion and metastasis of esophageal carcinoma.
Citation: Zhang CP, Xue HG, Wu J, Zhang Q, Kong XJ. Relationship between expression of matrix metalloproteinase and clinicopathological characteristics in esophageal carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2006; 14(12): 1214-1218
Li X, Lu JY, Zhao LQ, Wang XQ, Liu GL, Liu Z, Zhou CN, Wu M, Liu ZH. Overexpression of ETS2 in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.World J Gastroenterol. 2003;9:205-208.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Xu SH, Qian LJ, Mou HZ, Zhu CH, Zhou XM, Liu XL, Chen Y, Bao WY. Difference of gene expression profiles between esophageal carcinoma and its pericancerous epithelium by gene chip.World J Gastroenterol. 2003;9:417-422.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Chen H, Wang LD, Guo M, Gao SG, Guo HQ, Fan ZM, Li JL. Alterations of p53 and PCNA in cancer and adjacent tissues from concurrent carcinomas of the esophagus and gastric cardia in the same patient in Linzhou, a high incidence area for esophageal cancer in northern China.World J Gastroenterol. 2003;9:16-21.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Xu H, Tanimoto A, Murata Y, Kimura S, Wang KY, Sasaguri Y. Difference in responsiveness of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma lines to epidermal growth factor for MMP-7 expression.Int J Oncol. 2003;23:469-476.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Guo WJ, Li J, Ling WL, Bai YR, Zhang WZ, Cheng YF, Gu WH, Zhuang JY. Influence of hepatic arterial blockage on blood perfusion and VEGF, MMP-1 expression of implanted liver cancer in rats.World J Gastroenterol. 2002;8:476-479.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Hou L, Li Y, Jia YH, Wang B, Xin Y, Ling MY, L S. Molecular mechanism about lymphogenous metastasis of hepatocarcinoma cells in mice.World J Gastroenterol. 2001;7:532-536.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Jiang YF, Yang ZH, Hu JQ. Recurrence or metastasis of HCC:predictors, early detection and experimental antiangiogenic therapy.World J Gastroenterol. 2000;6:61-65.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Yoshimoto M, Itoh F, Yamamoto H, Hinoda Y, Imai K, Yachi A. Expression of MMP-7(PUMP-1)mRNA in human colorectal cancers.Int J Cancer. 1993;54:614-618.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Wroblewski LE, Pritchard DM, Carter S, Varro A. Gastrin-stimulated gastric epithelial cell invasion: the role and mechanism of increased matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression.Biochem J. 2002;365:873-879.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Saeki H, Tanaka S, Sugimachi K, Kimura Y, Miyazaki M, Ohga T, Sugimachi K. Interrelation between expression of matrix metalloproteinase 7 and beta-catenin in esophageal cancer.Dig Dis Sci. 2002;47:2738-2742.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Suzuki T, Kuwabara Y, Iwata H, Mitani M, Shinoda N, Sato A, Mitsui A, Sugiura M, Kato J, Fujii Y. Role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in in vitro invasion of esophageal carcinoma cells.J Surg Oncol. 2002;81:80-86.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Guo W, Ran Y, Wang G, Liu J, Yu L, Sun L, Yang Z. Expression and hypoxic regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in esophageal carcinoma.Zhonghua Zhongliu Zazhi. 2002;24:44-47.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Salmela MT, Karjalainen-Lindsberg ML, Puolakkainen P, Saarialho-Kere U. Upregulation and differential expression of matrilysin (MMP-7) and metalloelastase (MMP-12) and their inhibitors TIMP-1 and TIMP-3 in Barrett's oesophageal adenocarcinoma.Br J Cancer. 2001;85:383-392.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Koyama H, Iwata H, Kuwabara Y, Iwase H, Kobayashi S, Fujii Y. Gelatinolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in oesophageal carcinoma; a study using in situ zymography.Eur J Cancer. 2000;36:2164-2170.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Ohashi K, Nemoto T, Nakamura K, Nemori R. Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase 7 and 9 and membrane type 1-matrix metallopro-teinase in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas.Cancer. 2000;88:2201-2209.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Yamashita K, Mori M, Shiraishi T, Shibuta K, Sugimachi K. Clinical significance of matrix metalloproteinase-7 expression in esophageal carcinoma.Clin Cancer Res. 2000;6:1169-1174.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Sato F, Shimada Y, Watanabe G, Uchida S, Makino T, Imamura M. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and E-cadherin in the process of lymph node metastasis in oesophageal cancer.Br J Cancer. 1999;80:1366-1372.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Ding Y, Shimada Y, Gorrin-Rivas MJ, Itami A, Li Z, Hong T, Maeda M, Komoto I, Kawabe A, Kaganoi J. Clinicopathological significance of human macrophage metalloelastase expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Oncology. 2002;63:378-384.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Liu XP, Kawauchi S, Oga A, Tsushimi K, Tsushimi M, Furuya T, Sasaki K. Prognostic significance of matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) expression at the invasive front in gastric carcinoma.Jpn J Cancer Res. 2002;93:291-295.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Zeng ZS, Shu WP, Cohen AM, Guillem JG. Matrix metalloproteinase-7 expression in colorectal cancer liver metastases: evidence for involvement of MMP-7 activation in human cancer metastases.Clin Cancer Res. 2002;8:144-148.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Xu K, Hou S, Du Z. Prognostic value of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 in bladder carcinoma.Chin Med J (Engl). 2002;115:743-745.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Samantaray S, Sharma R, Chattopadhyaya TK, Gupta SD, Ralhan R. Increased expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2004;130:37-44.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Chen PS, Zhai WR, Zhou XM, Zhang JS, Zhang YE, Ling YQ, Gu YH. Effects of hypoxia, hyperoxia on the regulation of expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in hepatic stellate cells.World J Gastroenterol. 2001;7:647-651.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Sun JM, Zheng HC, Yang XF, Xin Y, Zhang YC. Relationship between expression of matrix metalloproteinase-7 and clinicopathobiological behaviors of gastric cancer.Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi. 2003;11:1310-1313.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Etoh T, Inoue H, Yoshikawa Y, Barnard GF, Kitano S, Mori M. Increased expression of collagenase-3 (MMP-13) and MT1-MMP in oesophageal cancer is related to cancer aggressiveness.Gut. 2000;47:50-56.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Zhang H, Morisaki T, Matsunaga H, Sato N, Uchiyama A, Hashizume K, Nagumo F, Tadano J, Katano M. Protein-bound polysaccharide PSK inhibits tumor invasiveness by down-regulation of TGF-beta1 and MMPs.Clin Exp Metastasis. 2000;18:343-352.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Wroblewski LE, Pritchard DM, Carter S, Varro A. Gastrin-stimulated gastric epithelial cell invasion: the role and mechanism of increased matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression.Biochem J. 2002;365:873-879.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Matsuoka T, Yashiro M, Sawada T, Ishikawa T, Ohira M, Hirakawa K, Chung YS. Effect of a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor on a lymph node metastatic model of gastric cancer cells passaged by orthotopic implantation.J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2001;20:213-218.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Shimajiri S, Arima N, Tanimoto A, Murata Y, Hamada T, Wang KY, Sasaguri Y. Shortened microsatellite d(CA)21 sequence down-regulates promoter activity of matrix metalloproteinase 9 gene.FEBS Lett. 1999;455:70-74.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Tanioka Y, Yoshida T, Yagawa T, Saiki Y, Takeo S, Harada T, Okazawa T, Yanai H, Okita K. Matrix metalloproteinase-7 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 are associated with unfavourable prognosis in superficial oesophageal cancer.Br J Cancer. 2003;89:2116-2121.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Hanemaaijer R, Sier CF, Visser H, Scholte L, van Lent N, Toet K, Hoekman K, Verheijen JH. MMP-9 activity in urine from patients with various tumors, as measured by a novel MMP activity assay using modified urokinase as a substrate.Ann NY Acad Sci. 1999;878:141-149.
[PubMed] [DOI]