修回日期: 2005-02-01
接受日期: 2005-02-26
在线出版日期: 2005-05-01
目的: 探讨CD44v6和MMP-2在食管癌组织中的表达及其与食管癌侵袭转移和预后的关系.
方法: 回顾性分析43例术前未进行化疗和放疗的食管癌的切除标本, 采用免疫组化S-P法检测食管癌组织中的CD44v6和MMP-2的表达.
结果: 食管癌中CD44v6的阳性表达率62.7%(27/43), MMP-2的阳性表达率为65.1%(28/43), CD44v6及 MMP-2的阳性表达与淋巴结的转移, 食管癌的病理分 以及手术后血性转移显著相关(P<0.05), 而且, CD44v6阳性表达者3 a生存率为25.62%, 5 a生存率为6.41%, 阴性表达3 a生存率为64.71%, 5 a生存率为56.82%, 二者之间差异显著(P = 0.000); MMP-2阳性者3 a生存率为18.8%, 5 a生存率为8.67%, 阴性表达者3 a生存率为66.30%, 5 a生存率为42.66%, 二者之间差异显著(P = 0.0 067); CD44v6的阳性表达和MMP-2的阳性表达显著性相关(P = 0.007).
结论: CD44v6和MMP-2对于食管鳞癌的侵袭、淋巴结转移、手术后血性转移以及预后有一定作用.
引文著录: 张林, 孟龙, 王磊, 彭忠民, 杜贾军, 王晓航, 刘莹, 陈景寒. 食管鳞癌MMP-2和CD44v6表达与侵袭、转移及预后之间的关系. 世界华人消化杂志 2005; 13(9): 1074-1077
Revised: February 1, 2005
Accepted: February 26, 2005
Published online: May 1, 2005
AIM: To detect the expression of CD44v6 and MMP-2 in esophagus squamous cell carcinoma, and to explore their association with invasion, metastasis and prognosis.
METHODS: A rapid immunohistochemical method (streptoavidin-peroxidase, SP) was used to detect CD44v6 and MMP-2 protein in 43 cases of esophagus squamous cell carcinoma treated without radiotherapy or chemotherapy before operation.
RESULTS: The expression rates of CD44v6 and MMP-2 in esophagus squamous cell carcinoma were 62.7% (27/43) and 65.1% (28/43), respectively. The positive expression of MMP-2 and CD44v6 were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis, TNM stage and postoperative hematogenous metastasis (P<0.05). The 3-and 5-year survival rates of CD44v6 positive patients were 25.62% and 6.41%. The 3-and 5-year survival rates of CD44v6 negative patients were 64.71% and 56.82%. There was significant difference for survival time between CD44v6 positive and CD44v6 negative patients (P = 0.000). The 3- and 5-year survival rates of MMP-2 positive patients were 18.8% and 8.60%. The 3-and 5-year survival rates of MMP-2 negative patients were 66.30% and 42.82%. There was significant difference between MMP-2 positive and MMP-2 negative groups (P = 0.0067). CD44v6 positive expression was significantly correlated with MMP-2 positive expression (P = 0.007).
CONCLUSION: CD44v6 and MMP-2 may play a role in esophagus squamous cell carcinoma invasion, lympha node metastasis, and postoperative hematogenous metastasis as well as the prognosis of the patients.
- Citation: Zhang L, Meng L, Wang L, Peng ZM, Du JJ, Wang XH, Liu Y, Chen JH. Expression of CD44v6 and MMP-2 in esophagus squamous cell carcinoma and their association with invasion, metastasis and prognosis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2005; 13(9): 1074-1077
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1009-3079/full/v13/i9/1074.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.11569/wcjd.v13.i9.1074
基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinase, MMPs)能够降解细胞外基质和基底膜成分, 破坏基底膜的完整性为肿瘤的浸润和转移提供了先决条件[1-14]. 细胞黏附因子(cell adhesion moleculars, CAMs)参与细胞的信号传导与活化, 与肿瘤的生长分化尤其是与肿瘤的浸润转移密切相关. CD44v6是细胞黏附因子的一种, 目前研究表明CD44与肿瘤的关系密切[15-24]. 我们利用免疫组织化学方法检测食管鳞癌组织MMP-2 和CD44v6的表达情况, 探讨这两种基因之间及其与食管鳞癌生物学行为, 特别是与食管癌浸润、转移、复发和预后之间的关系.
我科1996/1999年手术切除的食管鳞癌标本43例, 所有病例术前未做任何形式的化疗和放疗, 男25例, 女18例, 年龄35-72岁(平均55岁), 按照国际标准进行分期 Ⅰ(ⅠA+ⅠB)期17例, Ⅱ(ⅡA+ⅡB)期12例, Ⅲ(ⅢA+ⅢB)期14例. 淋巴结转移情况采用目前的国际分期, 在分期中, N0代表淋巴结无转移, N1、N2代表淋巴结转移, 只是转移的部位不同. 所有患者接受了食管癌切除胃食管吻合术和淋巴结清扫, 术后均严格随访, 无失访. 死亡31例, 存活12例, 5 a生存率为27.91%. 死亡的患者中有21例发生血性转移, 其中脑转移3例, 肝转移8例, 骨骼和脊柱转移6例, 肾上腺转移1例, 肺转移3例. 所有标本切取肿瘤标本蜡块.鼠抗人MMP-2mAb, 鼠抗人CD44v6mAb, 即用型S-P试剂盒, DAB二氨基联苯胺显色剂试剂盒, 以上试剂均购自福州迈新公司产品.
采用S-P法. MMP-2结果判定: MMP-2阳性结果判定, 低倍镜下见细胞质内出现明确的棕黄色颗粒的细胞为阳性. 合并计算5个不同视野染色细胞百分数及染色强度, 作评分, 0和1为阴性表达, 2和3为阳性表达. CD44v6结果判定CD44v6阳性产物分布于细胞膜上, 为粗细一致的棕黄色颗粒. 根据显色强度和阳性细胞数进行分级, 阴性(-)为整张组织切片均无着色; 弱阳性(+)为浅棕色, 阳性细胞计数<10%; 阳性(++)为棕色, 阳性细胞计数在10%-50%; 强阳性(+++)为深棕色, 阳性细胞计数>50%.
统计学处理 采用χ2检验, 精确概率法和Kaplan-meier 方法及Log Rank 检验进行生存分析. Spearman 等级相关分析,
鳞状细胞癌中阳性表达为65.1%, 无淋巴结转移的患者中, MMP-2的阳性率为33.3%, 而N1+N2组的MMP-2的阳性率为92.0%, 两组之间差异显著(χ2 = 16.404, P = 0.000, 表1). 说明MMP-2和淋巴结转移密切相关.Ⅰ期17例, 其中MMP-2阳性率为41.2%, Ⅱ期+Ⅲ期26例, 阳性率为84.6%, 两组之间差异显著(χ2 = 8.833, P = 0.003, 表1). 说明食管癌临床分期越晚, MMP-2的阳性表达越高.转移组中, MMP-2阳性表达率为85.71%, 显著高于无转移复发组的(50.0%)差异显著(χ2 = 6.241, P = 0.012, 表1).MMP-2阳性表达者5 a生存率为6.4%, MMP-2阴性者5 a生存率为56.8%, 两组之间生存率之间经过log-rank检验, 具有显著性差异(P = 0.0 067, 图2A).
淋巴结无转移者CD44v6阳性率为33.3%, 而N1+N2组的CD44v6的阳性率为84.0%, 两组之间差异显著(χ2 = 11.499, P = 0.001, 表1).Ⅰ期17例, CD44v6阳性率为35.3%, Ⅱ期+Ⅲ食管癌26例, 阳性率为80.8%, 两组之间差异显著(χ2 = 13.858, P = 0.000, 表1). 转移组CD44v6阳性表达率为81.0%显著高于无转移复发组CD44v6的阳性率(χ2 = 5.795, P = 0.016, 表1)CD44v6阳性表达者5 a生存率为10.7%, CD44v6阴性者5 a生存率为53.5%, 二者差异显著(P = 0.0 000, 图2B).
MMP-2和CD44v6同时阳性的例数为22例, MMP-2表达阳性组CD44v6阳性例数明显高于MMP-2表达阴性组CD44v6阳性例数(P<0.05), 经过speraman等级相关分析发现食管癌中MMP-2表达与CD444v6表达成正相关(r = 0.785, P<0.01, 表2), 二者同时阳性患者生存期较差, 3 a生存期为10.53%, 5 a生存率为0%(图2C)
MMP-2表达 | n | CD44v6表达阳性 |
阳性 | 28 | 22 |
阴性 | 15 | 5b |
MMP-2能够分解基底膜的主要成分-Ⅳ型胶原蛋白, 而Ⅳ型胶原蛋白又是ECM的主要成分, 故称为Ⅳ型胶原酶, MMP-2(明胶酶A/72 ku Ⅳ胶原酶)能够分解基底膜的主要成分纤维连接蛋白和层连蛋白.本研究表明, MMP-2在食管癌组织中高表达这与其他研究报告相一致, 本组食管鳞癌阳性率为65.1%, MMP-2与食管鳞癌的临床病例特征密切相关, 淋巴结无转移的患者MMP-2阳性率为33.3%, 而淋巴结转移组的MMP-2的阳性率为92.0% 二者之间有显著性差异. 说明MMP-2和淋巴结转移密切相关, 而且随着分期的升高, 食管鳞癌组中MMP-2的阳性表达率明显增高, 在Ⅰ期中阳性率为41.2%, Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期中的阳性率为 84.6%, 两组之间差异显著(P<0.05). 术后发生转移的21例中有18例为MMP-2阳性, 无转移的22例患者中11例阳性, 差异显著. MMP-2能够促进肿瘤浸润转移所以影响了患者的预后, 我们发现MMP-2阴性组的3、5 a生存率为66.3%和42.8%, 明显高于MMP-2阳性组.
细胞黏附因子(cell adhesion molecules)参与细胞的信号传导与活化, 细胞的伸展和移动, 细胞的生长和分化, 肿瘤的转移等一系列重要的生理病理过程, CD44v6为细胞黏附因子的一种, 是当前研究的热点, 我们发现CD44v6和淋巴结转移有密切关系. 本组病例中, Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期+Ⅲ期相比较, 阳性率分别为35.3%和80.8%, 两组之间差异显著(P<0.05), 也说明了CD44v6和食管鳞癌的分期相关. 本研究证实, CD44V6和血道转移相关, 在术后发生血道转移者, CD44v6的阳性表达为81.0%. 再次证实了Griffioen et al提出的CD44细胞黏附因子参与了血管形成的观点. 本组患者中CD44v6阳性的5 a生存率为6.4%, 而CD44v6阴性的患者5 a生存率为56.8%, 经过Log Rank检验P值为0.0 000有显著性差别. 说明CD44v6是影响患者预后的重要指标.
肿瘤的侵袭和转移包括一系列内在的联系的步骤, 是多分子参与的高度选择性的非随机过程. 在这个复杂过程中, 癌细胞之间, 癌细胞与基质间, 以及癌细胞与宿主细胞间的黏附至关重要. 癌细胞转移有三步骤, 即(1)癌细胞自身黏附性降低, 脱离原发部位; (2)降解, 癌细胞和宿主细胞分泌多种蛋白酶, 水解细胞外基质和基质膜中蛋白成分; (3)移动, 最后癌细胞进入淋巴管或血管向远处转移, 黏附因子与癌转移过程密切相关; 血管生成是肿瘤生长转移等复杂过程中重要环节, 我们选择CD44v6及MMP-2因子观察其在食管鳞癌中的表达, 发现CD44v6和MMP-2在食管癌中的表达是正相关, 如表2所示MMP-2表达阳性组的CD44v6阳性例数明显高于MMP-2表达阴性组的CD44v6阳性例数, 经过speraman 等级相关分析发现食管癌中MMP-2表达与CD44v6表达成正相关(r = 0.785 P<0.05)我们在生存分析中发现, CD44v6和MMP-2全部阴性的患者3 a生存率为 81.82%, 5 a生存率为72.73%, 其中一个阳性组的患者的3 a生存率38.46%, 5 a生存率为28.85%, 全部阳性组的3 a生存率为10.53%, 5 a生存率为0%, 三组之间进行检验有显著性差异(P = 0.001). 表明联合检测CD44V6和MMP-2在食管鳞癌的表达可以帮助我们判断患者的病程发展及预后, Zhang et al利用肺癌细胞株QG90研究证明CD44S能够调节MMP-2分泌. 对于二者在食管癌中的具体作用机制尚需进一步研究.
编辑: 张海宁 电编: 潘伯荣
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