修回日期: 2005-09-25
接受日期: 2005-09-30
在线出版日期: 2005-12-28
目的: 探讨HBV不同基因型感染患者转归的关系.
方法: 北京佑安医院住院及门诊1 321例肝硬化患者、慢性乙型肝炎患者、慢性乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 携带者和乙型肝炎病毒自限性感染者四组人群进行HBV血清免疫学指标检测、HBV DNA检测、HBV基因型的分析, 用HBV特异性基因型引物进行聚合酶链反应 (PCR), 丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析HBV DNA基因型, 应用酶联免疫吸附实验方法检测HBV血清免疫学指标.
结果: 1 321例血清标本中804例(60.1%) HBV DNA阳性, HBV基因型分别为A型0.25%、B型20.77%、C型69.53%、B+C混和型9.44%. 自限性感染者组14/245例(5.71%) HBV DNA阳性, 其中9例C基因型、4例B基因型、1例BC混和基因型; 慢性HBV携带者组128/300例(42.67%) HBV DNA阳性, 其中88例C基因型、36例B基因型、4例BC混和基因; 慢性肝炎患者组608/668例(91.11%) HBV DNA阳性, 其中2例A基因型、121例B基因型、417例C基因型、68例B/C混和基因型; 肝硬化患者组54/108例(50%) HBV DNA阳性, B型6例、C型45例、B+C混和型3例. 肝硬化患者组C基因型为83.33%, 分别高于自限性感染者组、慢性HBV携带者组和慢性肝炎患者组(64.29%、68.75%、68.58%, 均为P<0.05). 年龄, 性别与感染HBV基因型无关, HBV感染后病情发展与HBV基因型有关.
结论: 北京地区乙型肝炎病毒基因型以C型为主, B型次之, 其它基因型较少见; 肝硬化患者组C基因型分别高于隐性感染者组、慢性乙型肝炎表面抗原携带者组和慢性肝炎患者组; 提示乙型肝炎病毒基因型与肝炎病情发展有一定关系.
引文著录: 李卓, 李洪权, 李俊红, 刘英, 刘芳, 勾春燕, 高冀容, 单晶, 郭新会, 殷继明, 刘道洁, 谢贤春, 李辉. 北京地区乙型肝炎病毒基因型与其感染临床表型的相关性. 世界华人消化杂志 2005; 13(24): 2823-2827
Revised: September 25, 2005
Accepted: September 30, 2005
Published online: December 28, 2005
AIM: To investigate the relationship between the genotypes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the clinical outcomes of HBV infection in Beijing area.
METHODS: A total of 1 321 patients, including those with self limited HBV infection (n = 245), chronic hepatitis B (n = 668), liver cirrhosis (n = 108) and asymptomatic carriers (n = 300), were concluded in this study. Serum samples were collected for the detection of HBV markers by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A simple and precise genotyping system based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using type-specific primers was developed for the determination of the genotypes of HBV.
RESULTS: Of the 1 321 serum samples, 804 (60.1%) were HBV DNA positive. HBV with the genotype of B, C, and B+C covered a larger percent. The percentage of HBV with genotype A, B, C, and B+C were 0.25% (2/804), 20.77% (167/804), 69.53% (559/804) and 9.45% (78/804), while none of HBV with genotype D, E, and F was found. Of all the patients with self limited HBV infection, 14 were HBV DNA positive, and the rates of genotype B, C, and B+C were 28.6% (4/14), 64.3% (9/14) and 7.1% (1/14), respectively. Of the samples from asymptomatic carriers, 128 were HBV DNA positive, and the rates of genotype B, C, and B+C were 28.1% (36/128), 68.8% (88/128), and 3.1% (4/128), respectively. Of the patients with in chronic hepatitis B, 608 cases were positive for HBV DNA, and the percentage of genotype B, C, B+C, and A were 19.9% (121/608), 68.6% (417/608), 10.4% (68/608), and 0.3% (2/608), respectively. Of the patients with liver cirrhosis, 54 were HBV DNA positive, and the percentage of genotype B, C, and B+C were 11.1% (6/54), 88.3% (45/54), and 5.6% (3/54), respectively. The rate of genotype C in liver cirrhosis patients was markedly higher than that in the patients with chronic hepatitis B, self limited HBV infection, and asymptomatic carriers (all P <0.05). In addition, genotype distribution showed no significant differences between the age and sex of patients.
CONCLUSION: Genotype B and C are major genotypes in Beijing. HBV with genotype C is predominant in patients with HBV infection, and it may be associated with the development of liver cirrhosis.
- Citation: Li Z, Li HQ, Li JH, Liu Y, Liu F, Gou CY, Gao JR, Shan J, Guo XH, Yin JM, Liu DJ, Xie XC, Li H. Association of hepatitis B virus genotypes with clinical phenotypes of hepatitis B virus infection in Beijing. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2005; 13(24): 2823-2827
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1009-3079/full/v13/i24/2823.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.11569/wcjd.v13.i24.2823
乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)是嗜肝DNA病毒, 由3200碱基对组成. HBsAg是HBV胞膜的主要蛋白, 共有10个血清亚型, 主要为adr, adw, ayr, ayw等4种; 但是血清型的划分不能反映HBV基因组的差异. 根据HBV全基因核苷酸序列异源性≥8%或者S基因区核苷酸序列异源性≥4%, 将HBV病毒株分为8个基因型, 即A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H型[1-4]. HBV基因型的全球分布具有明显的地理区域分布特征[5-8].目前我国已报道的HBV基因型主要有A, B, C, D 4个型. 我们以2002-12/2004-06我院的部分慢性乙型肝炎患者和健康咨询人员为对象进行HBV血清学和病毒基因分型如下:
2002-12/2004-06北京佑安医院就诊患者1 321例分为: 慢性HBV携带者300例; 慢性乙型肝炎患者668例; 隐性感染者245例, 肝硬变患者108例. 临床诊断参照2000年全国(西安) 病毒性肝炎学术会议修订的诊断标准. 均填写统一的调查表, 采集静脉血10 mL, 分离血清标本放置-20℃保存备用.
采用美国Ortho公司试剂盒检测全部血清的HBsAg, 抗HBs, HBeAg, 抗HBe和抗HBc. PCR扩增仪(美国PE公司, 型号2700). HBV基因序列的数据分析: 选择GenBank中已发表的18株HBV(包括A-F型), 应用Vector NTI suite 7软件和Tree View软件分别对全基因序列及SCX区序列进行同源性比较和分子进化关系分析, 选择最佳的分型基因片段及基因型特异性引物. 引物设计: 根据HBV基因序列比较结果和Natio et al[9-11]的研究设计的HBV DNA外引物Ps1, Ps2及基因型特异性引物(内引物) B2, BA1R, BB1R, BC1R, BD1, BE1, BF1, B2R(表1).
外引物 | Ps15'TCACCATATTCTTGGGAACAAGA-3'(nt2823-2845) |
Ps25'CGAACCACTGAACAAATGGC3'(nt685-704) | |
内引物A组 | B25'GGCTCCAGTTCCGGAACAGT3'(nt67-86) |
BA1R5'CTCGCGGAGATTGACGAGATG3'(nt113-134) | |
BB1R5'CAGGTTGGTGAGTGACTGGAG3(nt324-345)' | |
BC1R5'GGTCCTAGGAATCCTGATGTTG3(nt165-186) | |
内引物B组 | BD15'GCCAACAAGGTAGGAGCT3'(nt2979-2996) |
BE15'CACCAGAAATCCAGATTGGGACCA3'(nt2955-2996) | |
BF15'GCTACGGTCCAGGGTTACCA3'(nt3032-3052) | |
B2R5'GGAGGCGGATATGCTGGCAA3(nt3078-3097) |
核酸提取PCR基因扩增 采用裂解液加热煮沸法提取HBV DNA. PCR反应条件为第1轮扩增反应: 反应体积30 µL中模板5 µL, dNTPs 200 µmol/L, 引物Ps1/Ps2各为0.1 µmol/L, Taq酶1.5 U, 94℃预变性180 s, 94℃ 40 s, 55℃ 40 s, 72℃ 45 s, 扩增35个循环. 第2轮扩增反应: A组: 取第一次PCR产物2 µL作模板, dNTPs 200 µmol/L,引物B2为0.1 µmol/L, 引物BA1R, BB1R, BC1R各为0.08 µmol/L, 30 µL反应体积; B组: 引物B2R为0.1 µmol/L, 引物BD1, BE1, BF1各为0.08 µmol/L, 其余条件同A组. 循环条件为: 94℃预变性180 s, 94℃ 40 s, 58℃ 40 s, 72℃ 40 s, 扩增20个循环, 将退火温度提高到60℃, 再扩增20个循环. 每次PCR反应均设阳性和阴性对照. 扩增后取第2次PCR产物4 µL, 用60 g/L的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳EB染色后, 紫外灯下观察结果.
采用基因型特异性多对引物巢氏PCR方法检测HBV基因型, 表明PCR产物为281 bp为B基因型, 122 bp为C基因型, 同时有122与281 bp条带为B、C混合型(图1). 采用PCR方法对四组1 321例血清进行HBV DNA检测, 结果显示804例(60.86%) HBV DNA阳性, 各组HBV DNA检出率差异显著(P<0.01, 表2).
分组 | n | 年龄男/女ALT | (nkat/L) | HBV | DNA | (%) | HBeAg/HBeAb |
自限性感染 | 245 | 28±10 | 129/116 | 413.4±153.4 | 14 | (5.7) | 0/0 |
HBV携带 | 300 | 26±14 | 168/132 | 436.8±121.7 | 128 | (42.7) | 53/45 |
慢性肝炎 | 668 | 25±16 | 540/128 | 4472.6±3692.4 | 608 | (91.0) | 515/93 |
肝硬化 | 108 | 45±10 | 84/24 | 1366.9±1273.6 | 54 | (50.0) | 8/22 |
在1 321例标本中804例HBV DNA阳性, 分别为B型167例(20.77%), C型559例(69.53%), B+C型混合感染76例(9.45%), A型2例. B, C基因型是本地的优势基因型. 各组HBV基因型检出分布情况(表3). 自限性HBV感染者(抗HBs阳性、抗HBs阳性与抗HBc阳性) 中, 仅有14/245例HBV DNA阳性. 说明部分人群感染HBV可以自愈, 产生抗HBs, 血清HBV DNA阴性. 自限性HBV感染者, HBV携带者, 慢性肝炎患者三组比较B型与C型携带构成比没有显著性差异, 只有HBV携带者与肝硬化患者比较有显著性差异.
慢性乙型肝炎患者与HBV携带者HBeAg/eAb阳性 B、C基因型频率比较无统计学意义. 肝硬化、慢性乙型肝炎组和HBV携带组HBeAg阳性B基因型分布频率比较有显著性差异χ2 = 52.4, P<0.001; HBeAb阳性B、C基因型分布频率比较没有显著性差异(表4).
n | HBeAg | n | HBeAb | ||||||
B | B+C | C | A | B | B+C | C | |||
慢性乙肝 | 515 | 109(21.2) | 59(11.7) | 347(67.2) | 93 | 2(2.2) | 12(13.0) | 9(8.7) | 72(77.2) |
HBV携带 | 53 | 17(32.1) | 13(5.8) | 33(62.4) | 45 | 9(20.0) | 1(2.2) | 35(77.3) | |
肝硬化 | 8 | 2(25.0) | 6(75.0) | 22 | 1(4.6) | 21(95.5) |
HBV DNA基因型的分布有明显的地域特征, 其中A型多在北欧及非洲大陆; B、C型主要出现在东亚地区; D型出现在中东、北美等地; 也出现在亚洲的少数地区; E, F两型在非洲和南美最多, F型主要在美国的土著人群中多见, G型主要见于美国和法国, H型主要分布在尼加拉瓜、墨西哥和美国. 我国HBV基因型以B, C型为主. 我国主要以B型, C型与混合型为主[12-16], 在中国北方5城市慢性乙型肝炎患者的基因分型报道中显示了595例CHB患者中C型占60.5%, B型占8.9%, 但是在分布上存在一定的地区差异, 例如北京、沈阳地区的HBV感染中B型感染率明显高于长春、天津和大连, 而长春、天津和大连是C型感染率明显高于北京、沈阳地区, 而且发现了各种混和型感染. 戴建宜 et al[17]报道了深圳地区HBV DNA基因型以B型为主(50/150), C型次之(36/150). 乙型肝炎病毒基因型与肝炎严重程度, 拉米夫定治疗疗效比较也有一定的差异[18], B型感染者ALT水平较C型者明显增高. B型感染者比C型感染者eAg阳性率低. 北京地区调查不同人群与乙型肝炎患者中乙型肝炎病毒免疫学标记和乙型肝炎病毒DNA携带状态发现, B型与C型是主要的基因型, 部分B, C混和型, A型较少.
目前对HBV基因型的临床意义研究主要在探讨不同基因型与病情严重程度的关系及药物治疗反应. Stuyver et al[19]报道了107例乙型肝炎患者的HBV基因型, 在慢性乙型肝炎病毒携带者中B型和C型分别为44.5%, 50%, 在慢性肝炎患者中为16.9%, 83%, 在肝硬化和肝癌患者中分别为25%, 67.8%, 差异具有显著性意义. 国内报道284例乙型肝炎病毒感染者中慢性肝炎的B型和C型分别为20.38%和78.98%, 肝硬化患者中分别为27.27%, 72.72%, 在肝癌患者中为5.6%, 88.9%[20]. Kao et al[21]报道了C基因型HBV感染更易发展成肝硬化和肝癌, 我国也有许多报道, C基因型HBV感染的预后与B基因型比较差, 而且病毒水平较高, HBeAg血症持续时间长, 不同基因型感染与疾病进展有关[21-24]近两年来, 有关HBV基因型的亚型分布及其与临床表型的相关性研究也不断有所报道[25-28].
我们采用HBV特异性基因型引物进行聚合酶链反应(PCR), 分析HBV DNA基因型与HBV指标的关系. 结果表明四组1 321例观察对象中HBV DNA总的检出率为60.86%, HBV基因型分别为B型20.8%, C型69.5%, B+C型9.4%, A型0.25%. 自限性感染者组245例, 这一组患者没有明确的HBV感染史与家族史, 但是在体检中发现曾被感染, 本次检查HBsAg和HBeAg均为阴性, 抗HBs阳性或抗HBs和抗HBc阳性; 血清ALT正常.14/245例HBV DNA阳性, 其中9例C基因型, 4例B基因型, 1例B+C基因型. 提示乙型肝炎病毒感染后部分人其免疫反应可能清除病毒, 成为自限性感染者. 慢性HBV携带者组300例中128例HBV DNA阳性, 53/128例HBeAg阳性; 45/128抗HBe阳性, 其中C基因型62.26%, 77.28%, 统计学分析没有显著性意义. 慢性肝炎患者组668例, 417/608例HBV是C基因型, 121/608例B基因型, 68/608例B+C基因型, 2/608例A基因型; 慢性肝炎患者组中HBV C基因型明显高于B基因型. 肝硬化患者组108例, B型6例, C型45例, B+C型3例. 肝硬化患者组C基因型为83.33%, 分别高于隐性感染者组、慢性乙型肝炎表面抗原携带者组和慢性肝炎患者组(64.29%, 68.75%, 68.58%). 肝硬化组HBeAb明显高于其它组, 而且HBV C基因型为94.5%, 说明C基因型长期携带, 逃避机体免疫清除病毒是肝硬化的因素之一, 提示HBV感染慢性化发展可能与HBV基因型有关.
电编: 张勇 编辑: 潘伯荣 审读: 张海宁
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