修回日期: 2005-08-20
接受日期: 2005-10-27
在线出版日期: 2005-12-15
目的: 探讨中西医结合灌肠治疗溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis, UC)的疗效及其作用机制.
方法: 建立小鼠UC动物模型后, 中西医结合灌肠治疗, 观察疗效并探讨其作用机制.
结果: 低、中、高剂量组及阳性对照组的疾病活动指数、病理组织学记分较阴性对照组有显著的统计学差异(5.10±4.07和8.00±6.38, 0.80±1.87和1.30±1.49, 1.00±1.94和0.90±1.45, 5.30±4.37和8.00±5.12, vs 8.60±1.26和13.20±1.69, 所有P<0.05). 中剂量组的疾病活动指数、病理组织学记分较低剂量组、阳性对照组有显著的统计学差异(P<0.05), 而与高剂量组比较无显著的统计学差异(P>0.05). 低、中、高剂量组及阳性对照组的IL-4组织含量较阴性对照组明显降低(P<0.05), 而IFN-γ含量明显升高(P<0.05).
结论: 锡锡类散、地塞米松、庆大、黄连素结合灌肠治疗溃疡性结肠炎的疗效显著,其治疗作用可能是通过调节细胞因子IL-4、IFN-γ来实现的.
引文著录: 刘敬军, 郑长青, 潘丽丽, 闻英, 胡刚正. 中西医结合治疗溃疡性结肠炎. 世界华人消化杂志 2005; 13(23): 2806-2808
Revised: August 20, 2005
Accepted: October 27, 2005
Published online: December 15, 2005
AIM: To explore the effect of the clyster treatment with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine on ulcerative colitis (UC), and to investigate its mechanism.
METHODS: The mouse model of UC was established, and then the rats were treated (clyster) with the combination of tin-like powder, dexamethasone, gentamicin, and berberine. Then the therapeutic effect was observed, and the mechanism of the treatment was analyzed.
RESULTS: The disease active index (DAI) and histopathologic score (HPS) of the low dose (DAI: 5.10±4.07, HPS: 8.00±6.38), the moderate dose (DAI: 0.80±1.87, HPS: 1.30±1.49), the high dose (DAI: 1.00±1.94, HPS: 0.90±1.45), and the positive control group (DAI: 5.30±4.37, HPS: 8.00±5.12) were markedly lower than those of the negative control group (DAI: 8.60±1.26, HPS: 13.20±1.69) (all P <0.05). The DAI and HPS of the moderate dose group were markedly lower than those of the low dose group and the positive control group (all P <0.05), but there was no significant difference between the moderate and high dose group (P >0.05). The levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) of the low, moderate, and high dose group, and the positive control group were markedly lower than those of the negative control group (32.33±15.30, 25.79±6.33, 29.92±12.81, 28.45±9.30 vs 63.89±11.31, all P <0.05), but the levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were markedly higher than those of the negative control group (198.38±31.46, 187.49±13.04, 188.14±14.11, 207.64±41.44 vs 127.41±21.47, all P <0.05).
CONCLUSION: The combination enema of tin-like powder, dexamethasone, gentamicin, and berberine has definite therapeutic effect on UC, which may be related with its regulation on IL-4 and IFN-γ level.
- Citation: Liu JJ, Zheng CQ, Pan LL, Wen Y, Hu GZ. Experimental research on treatment of ulcerative colitis with integrative traditional Chinese and Western medicine. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2005; 13(23): 2806-2808
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1009-3079/full/v13/i23/2806.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.11569/wcjd.v13.i23.2806
溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis, UC)是一种反复发作的非特异性炎症, 病因及发病机制尚未完全清楚.本病急性爆发型死亡率较高, 慢性持续型易癌变, 目前该病已被世界卫生组织列为现代难治病症之一. 在我国UC的发病率呈逐年上升趋势, 因此寻找有效的治疗方法是亟待解决的问题. 我科应用中西医结合灌肠治疗UC已有二十余年历史, 并收到了较好疗效.为科学评价该疗法疗效、探讨其机理, 我们对该疗法进行了实验研究, 现报告如下.
动物选用6-8 wk SPF级BALB/C♀小鼠, 体质量约20-25 g,由中国医科大学附属第二临床学院动物实验中心提供.恶唑酮(OXZ)由Sigma公司提供. 小鼠白介素-4 (interleukin-4, IL-4)定量试剂盒、小鼠干扰素-γ(interferon-γ, IFN-γ)定量试剂盒均由上海森雄科技实业有限公司提供. 地塞米松、庆大、2%黄连素、锡类散均由中国医科大学第二临床学院药剂科提供.
UC模型的建立: 取小鼠50只, 实验前5 d 30 g/L恶唑酮无水乙醇溶液0.15 mL涂抹腹部皮肤暴露部位, 范围2 cm×2 cm. 实验前24 h, 禁食不禁水, 先用50 g/L水合氯醛0.15 mL腹腔注射使小鼠轻度麻醉, 约25 min以后用套接了小号导尿管的1 mL注射器抽吸10 g/L恶唑酮500 g/L乙醇溶液0.15 mL, 从肛门导尿管缓慢插入深度约3.5 cm, 然后将药液缓慢注入, 停20 s后抽出导尿管, 再将小鼠倒悬约30 s后放入盒中. 给药方法: 将恶唑酮灌肠的50只小鼠随机分为5组, 每组10只, 即: 阳性对照组、阴性对照组、低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组, 同时取未行恶唑酮灌肠小鼠10只设正常组(30 g/L恶唑酮无水乙醇溶液换成无水乙醇溶液涂抹腹部皮肤, 10 g/L恶唑酮500 mL/L乙醇溶液换成500 mL/L乙醇溶液0.15 mL灌肠, 余处置同其它组小鼠). 实验第2天至第8天, 全部小鼠2次/d灌肠, 灌肠药物及每天药物总量分别如下: 阳性对照组为柳氮磺吡啶15 mg、生理盐水0.5 mL; 阴性对照组为生理盐水0.5 mL; 低剂量组为庆大0.02万单位、黄连素0.25 mL、地塞米松0.012 5 mg、锡类散5 mg; 中剂量组为庆大0.04万单位、黄连素0.5 mL、地塞米松0.025 mg、锡类散10 mg; 高剂量组为庆大0.06万单位、黄连素0.75 mL、地塞米松0.037 5 mg、锡类散15 mg; 正常组为生理盐水0.5 mL. 实验第9天处死全部小鼠, 留取结肠标本分别行病理切片检查及采用双抗体夹心ABC-ELISA法检测IL-4、INF-γ. 观察指标: 观察指标为疾病活动指数(DAI)、病理组织学记分, 用参考文献[1]和[2]的评分标准.
统计学处理 所有计算均用 SPSS 10.0 统计软件来完成, 数据用mean±SD表述, 各组数据之间的比较采用t检验.
阴性对照组小鼠全部出现程度不同的精神萎靡、厌食、懒动等症状, 体质量平均下降21.3%, 全部小鼠出现稀便, 其中4只小鼠便潜血阳性, 4只小鼠便血. 低剂量组8只小鼠出现程度不同的精神萎靡、厌食、懒动等症状, 体质量平均下降10.9%, 5只小鼠出现稀便, 4只小鼠便潜血阳性, 2只小鼠便血.中剂量组3只小鼠出现轻度的精神萎靡、厌食、懒动症状, 体质量平均下降0.5%, 无小鼠出现稀便, 1只小鼠便潜血阳性. 高剂量组2只小鼠出现轻度的精神萎靡、厌食、懒动症状, 另有1只上述症状较重, 1只小鼠体质量下降, 无小鼠出现稀便, 1只小鼠便潜血阳性. 阳性对照组7只小鼠出现程度不同的精神萎靡、厌食、懒动等症状, 体质量平均下降10.3%, 5只小鼠出现稀便, 2只小鼠便潜血阳性, 3只小鼠便血. 正常组小鼠一般状况无明显改变. 各组DAI结果比较(表1).
阴性对照组小鼠末端结肠全部出现中、重度充血、水肿, 散在糜烂、潜溃疡. 低剂量组8只小鼠末端结肠出现轻、重不等的充血、水肿, 其中6只小鼠出现糜烂, 3只小鼠出现潜溃疡. 中剂量组及高剂量组小鼠均有3只末端结肠出现轻、中度的充血、水肿, 未出现溃疡. 阳性对照组见5只小鼠末端结肠出现轻、重不等的充血、水肿, 并可见糜烂、溃疡. 光镜下阴性对照组小鼠末端结肠均出现水肿、溃疡及糜烂, 其中1例溃疡达肌层, 全部小鼠黏膜及黏膜下层见细胞浸润. 低剂量组4只小鼠末端结肠出现溃疡、2只出现糜烂, 黏膜及黏膜下层细胞浸润. 阳性对照组见4只小鼠末端结肠出现溃疡, 未出现糜烂, 可见细胞浸润. 中剂量组及高剂量组小鼠光镜下无溃疡、糜烂, 黏膜及黏膜下层细胞浸润均较前面各组轻. 正常组小鼠末端结肠大体及镜下均无明显改变. 各组病理组织学记分比较(表1). 各组IL-4、IFN-γ含量的比较(表2).
UC是一种慢性非特异性炎症[3,4], 目前主要采用氨基水杨酸制剂、糖皮质激素及免疫抑制剂对该病进行治疗, 疗效多不满意, 且长期应用有较多的副作用[5-10]. 中医治疗有许多优势, 如果中西医结合, 能够相互取长补短、协同作用, 达到标本兼顾, 取得明显疗效.
锡类散主要成分有西牛黄、冰片、珍珠、青黛等, 其中西牛黄有息风、清热止痛作用; 冰片有消肿、防腐、止痛、止痒作用; 珍珠有良好的收敛生肌作用, 并兼清热解毒之功; 青黛有凉血、解毒之功效, 能降低毛细血管通透性, 对平滑肌有抑制作用. 地塞米松具有广泛的抗炎和免疫抑制作用, 它能增强血管的张力, 改善血管壁的通透性, 使炎性渗出物减少, 从而抑制肠壁的炎症反应, 使结肠的基底膜再生并使肠道结缔组织基质恢复正常. 庆大霉素、黄连素有控制肠道感染和消炎的作用. 诸药通过局部灌肠给药使药物直达病灶, 不仅有利于药物作用的发挥且能使药物作用时间延长. 由于联合用药、局部用药, 降低了各药用量及疗程, 从而减少副作用的发生. 本研究表明该疗法有效, 中等剂量组与低剂量组比较疗效明显提高, 而高剂量组较中等剂量组DAI及病例组织学记分无明显统计学差异(P>0.05), 两者疗效想当.
已有很多证据表明CD4+T细胞在UC的发病机制中起着重要作用[11-14]. 根据细胞因子表达谱的不同将CD4+T细胞分为Th1细胞、Th2细胞. Th1细胞主要分泌IFN-γ、IL-2, Th2细胞主要分泌IL-4、IL-5, 通过分泌的细胞因子Th1细胞、Th2细胞相互调节对方的生长分化, 从而维持Th1细胞、Th2细胞之间的平衡, 这一平衡的破坏与炎症性肠病的发病密切相关. 恶唑酮所诱导的结肠炎由Th2细胞(主要分泌IL-4)所介导, 本研究阴性对照组较正常组IL-4升高 (P<0.05), IFN-γ降低(P<0.05), 该结果与以往的报道相符[15,16]; 而低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组及阳性对照组较阴性对照组IL-4降低(P<0.05), IFN-γ升高(P<0.05), 因而考虑本研究所应用的中西医结合灌肠是通过调节细胞因子IL-4及IFN-γ来改善 Th1细胞、Th2细胞之间的平衡而发挥疗效的.但是疗效明显优于低剂量组的中剂量组和高剂量组的IL-4及IFN-γ的含量较前两组却无明显改善, 考虑其中可能还有其它细胞因子参与, 这有待进一步研究.
电编: 张勇 编辑: 菅鑫妍 审读: 张海宁
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