修回日期: 2005-09-20
接受日期: 2005-09-30
在线出版日期: 2005-10-28
目的: 通过检测CD44v6在的直肠癌及直肠系膜内的表达, 从分子水平证明全直肠系膜切除术治疗直肠癌的科学性.
方法: 行全直肠系膜切除术的直肠癌患者47例于直肠癌组织、直肠系膜(距肿瘤下缘2 cm)、直肠系膜远端切缘(距肿瘤下缘5 cm)取病理标本, 采用免疫组化SP法对标本进行CD44v6检测.
结果: 直肠癌组织中CD44v6高度表达, 正常直肠系膜组织中CD44v6的阳性表达率(0/20)与直肠系膜(距肿瘤下缘2 cm)的CD44v6的阳性表达率(15/47)存在显著差异(P<0.01), 而与直肠系膜远端切缘(4/47)无差异(P>0.05).同时发现直肠癌中CD44v6的阳性表达率与肿瘤的淋巴转移(有vs无: 88.5% vs 61.9%, P<0.05)和临床分期(Dukes C-D vs A-B: 88.5% vs 61.9%, P<0.05)有关.
结论: 对直肠癌组织进行CD44v6蛋白的检测, 有助于评估直肠系膜局部病变程度; 肿瘤远端直肠系膜切除长度至少比肿瘤平面多5 cm.
引文著录: 宋哲, 田素礼. 全直肠系膜切除术直肠系膜CD44v6检测47例. 世界华人消化杂志 2005; 13(20): 2514-2516
Revised: September 20, 2005
Accepted: September 30, 2005
Published online: October 28, 2005
AIM: To detect the expression of CD44 splice variant v6 (CD44v6) in the tissues of rectal cancer and mesorectum, and to prove the scientific nature of the total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer on the basis of molecular level.
METHODS: CD44v6 protein was detected by SP immunohistochemical method in the tissues of rectal cancer, mesorectum (2 cm distal from the tumor), and distal mesorectal margin (5 cm distal from the tumor) from 47 rectal cancer patients received total mesorectal excision.
RESULTS: CD44v6 was highly expressed in the tissues of rectal cancer. The positive rate of CD44v6 expression was significantly different (0/20 vs 15/47, P <0.01) between the normal rectal mucosa and mesorectum (2 cm distal from the tumor), but no significant difference existed between the normal mesorectum and distal mesorectal margin (5 cm distal from the tumor). The positive rate of CD44v6 expression was related with the lymphatic metastasis (metastasis vs non-metastasis: 88.5% vs 61.9%, P <0.05) and clinical stages (Dukes C-D vs A-B: 88.5% vs 61.9%, P <0.05).
CONCLUSION: It is useful to detect the expression of CD44v6 protein in the tissues of rectal cancer for the evaluation of the local apoptotic degree of mesorectum. The excision margin of distal mesorectum should be no less than 5 cm from the tumor in the surgical management of rectal cancer.
- Citation: Song Z, Tian SL. Detection of CD44v6 in mesorectum from total mesorectal excision: an analysis of 47 cases. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2005; 13(20): 2514-2516
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1009-3079/full/v13/i20/2514.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.11569/wcjd.v13.i20.2514
直肠癌是人类最常见的恶性肿瘤之一, 术后的复发和转移是致死的主要原因. Heald et al[1,2]提出直肠癌术后局部复发是由于原发肿瘤远侧的直肠系膜内残留了播散的癌组织, 而直肠系膜切除不足是盆腔复发的直接原因, 并由此提出全直肠系膜切除术(total mesorectal excision,TME)的概念. 其应用于临床以来有效的降低了局部复发率, 作为直肠癌手术的"金标准"正被越来越多的人接受[3-9].分化抗原簇(CD)是一种黏附分子, 为细胞表面跨膜糖蛋白, 它能介导细胞与细胞或细胞与基质间相互接触和结合的过程, 研究表明CD44拼接变异体-CD44v6与肿瘤的侵袭转移密切相关[10-13]. 我们通过免疫组化方法检测CD44v6在直肠系膜中的表达, 为直肠癌根治术中直肠系膜的合理切除范围提供依据, 进而从分子水平证明全直肠系膜切除术的科学性.
采集本院2004-03/2005-03行全直肠系膜切除术的直肠癌标本共47例.其中男性26例, 女性21例, 年龄39-79岁. 所有病例均经病理诊断证实, 其中溃疡型28例(59.6%), 肿块型19例(40.4%); 高分化腺癌8例(17.0%), 中分化腺癌15例(31.9%), 低分化腺癌20例(42.6%), 未分化癌4例(8.5%). Dukes'A期4例(8.5%), B期17例(36.2%), C期25例(53.2%), D期1例(2.1%).
一抗鼠抗人CD44v6抗体和UltraSensitiveTM SP超敏试剂盒购于福州迈新生物技术开发有限公司. 采用SP免疫组织化学方法, 操作步骤按试剂盒说明进行, 组织切片置入0.01 mol/L(pH6.0)柠檬酸盐缓冲液中行高温高压抗原修复, 用已知阳性切片作阳性对照, PBS代替一抗作阴性对照. 每例分别于直肠癌组织(Ⅰ)、直肠系膜(距肿瘤下缘2 cm)(Ⅱ)、直肠系膜远端切缘(距肿瘤下缘5 cm)(Ⅲ)取病理标本(大小约1 cm3)作为试验组; 另采集因直肠良性病变, 行直肠部分切除的标本20例, 取正常直肠黏膜组织(Ⅰ')及正常直肠系膜(Ⅱ') 标本(大小约1 cm3)作为对照组. 标本经40 g/L中性甲醛溶液固定, 常规石蜡包埋, 4 μm厚连续切片.
统计学处理 阳性信号为细胞膜中呈现棕黄色颗粒,以阳性细胞数少于10%为阴性(-), 阳性细胞数大于10%为阳性(+). 采用SPSS10.0统计分析软件包处理, 数据统计采用χ2检验, P<0.05有统计学意义.
直肠癌组织、正常直肠黏膜组织中CD44v6的阳性表达率分别为76.6%和0, 两者存在显著差异(P<0.01), 说明CD44v6在直肠癌组织中的表达具有高度特异性. 正常直肠系膜组织、直肠系膜远端切缘(距肿瘤下缘5 cm)、直肠系膜(距肿瘤下缘2 cm)中CD44v6的阳性表达率分别为0,8.5%, 31.9%; 正常直肠系膜组织中CD44v6的阳性表达率与直肠系膜(距肿瘤下缘2 cm)的CD44v6的阳性表达率存在显著差异(P<0.01), 而与直肠系膜远端切缘无差异(P>0.05)(表1).
CD44v6的阳性表达率与直肠癌淋巴结转移和Dukes'分期密切相关. 有淋巴结转移和无淋巴结转移的直肠癌原发灶中CD44v6的阳性表达率分别为88.5%和61.9%, 有显著差异(P<0.05). Dukes'A-B期和C-D期直肠癌的CD44v6的阳性表达率分别为61.9%和88.5%有显著差异(P<0.05). 而其阳性表达率与肿瘤的大体类型和分化程度无关(P>0.05)(表2).
临床病理特征 | n | CD44v6阳性例数 | 阳性率(%) | P值 |
大体类型 | ||||
溃疡型 | 28 | 22 | 78.6 | |
肿块型 | 19 | 14 | 73.7 | >0.05 |
分化程度 | ||||
高-中分化 | 23 | 17 | 73.9 | |
低-未分化 | 24 | 19 | 79.2 | >0.05 |
淋巴转移 | ||||
无 | 21 | 13 | 61.9 | |
有 | 26 | 23 | 88.5 | <0.05 |
Dukes'分期 | ||||
A-B期 | 21 | 13 | 61.9 | |
C-D期 | 26 | 23 | 88.5 | <0.05 |
人CD44基因位于11号染色体短臂上[14], 其产物为一种跨膜糖蛋白, 能介导淋巴细胞归巢和参与细胞黏附, CD44变异体中的CD44v6与恶性肿瘤的转移密切相关. 用抗CD44v6变异蛋白的抗体与CD44v6变异型产物相结合, 显示原鼠癌细胞的转移潜能被终止[15], 将CD44v6的cDNA转染到非转移性肿瘤细胞系并使其过度表达, 可使后者获得转移潜能[16]. 从而证实了CD44v6是一个与肿瘤有关的黏附分子. 目前多数学者认为, CD44v6可以作为判断大肠癌转移的一个生物学指标. 本试验结果显示的CD44v6在有肿瘤转移组中表达增多的现象亦印证了这一点.
直肠癌TME的理论基础是建立在盆腔脏层和壁层之间有一个平面, 为直肠癌完整切除设定了切除范围, 并且直肠癌浸润转移通常局限在此范围内. 约有65-80%的直肠癌有周围局部的病变, 包括直接浸润和直肠周围淋巴结转移或直肠血管周围淋巴结转移, 而所有这些局部病变均在盆腔脏层筋膜范围之内[9]. 传统手术多为钝性剥离, 在解剖直肠骶骨筋膜时遇到阻力, 如不锐性剪断, 则可能向前方偏离进入直肠系膜, 而且外科医生可能会注意切除肿瘤远端2 cm的肠管而将系膜在靠近癌灶的下方切断, 使远端直肠系膜切除不全, 或许区域性播散的癌灶恰恰就在那里, 其后果可想而知. 我们基于CD44v6的上述特性, 检测其在直肠系膜中的表达情况, 发现距肿瘤下缘2 cm直肠系膜组织CD44v6的阳性表达率高于正常直肠系膜, 存在显著差异(P<0.01), 而距肿瘤下缘5 cm的直肠系膜远端切缘CD44v6的阳性表达率与正常直肠系膜无差异(P>0.05). 这符合直肠癌TME手术直肠系膜切除范围的原则即肿瘤远端直肠系膜切除长度至少比肿瘤平面多5 cm.
我们从分子水平上论证了全直肠系膜切除术在预防直肠癌局部复发方面的价值, 为全直肠系膜切除术的科学性提供理论依据. 同时提醒外科医生不能单纯为了降低术后吻合口漏的发生率而残留了可能存在播散癌灶的远端直肠系膜, 增加术后复发的可能性.
电编: 张勇 编辑: 菅鑫妍 审读: 张海宁
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