修回日期: 2004-01-01
接受日期: 2004-01-08
在线出版日期: 2004-04-15
目的: 探讨高脂血症表型与脂肪肝形成之间的关系及临床特点.
方法: 收集脂肪肝病例413例, 伴高脂血症的脂肪肝患者258例, 为高脂血症脂肪肝组; 随机抽取上述时间段非脂肪肝患者200例, 作为对照组, 其中高脂血症的61例, 为高脂血症非脂肪肝组. Logistic回归方程分析高脂血症表型与脂肪肝形成的关系. 比较各型高脂血症脂肪肝的临床并发症及肝功能的差异.
结果: 413例脂肪肝中, 高甘油三酯(TG)血症和混合性高脂血症的比例明显高于对照组. 混合性高脂血症和高TG血症与高胆固醇(CHO)血症相比, 其发生脂肪肝的优势比(OR)分别为5.966和2.960. 高脂血症脂肪肝组合并Ⅱ型糖尿病、肥胖、高血压、高尿酸血症、以及ALT和GGT升高的比例显著高于高脂血症非脂肪肝组. 脂肪肝患者各型高脂血症之间合并Ⅱ型糖尿病、肥胖、高血压、冠心病、高尿酸血症和胆石症的比例无显著差异.
结论: 脂肪肝的形成与患者合并混合性高脂血症和高TG血症有关. 高脂血症脂肪肝组相关并发症发生的比例较高脂血症非脂肪肝组高, 且肝功能损害较明显, 但与高脂血症的表型无关.
引文著录: 陈其奎, 陈海英, 王凌云, 陈为宪, 黄志清. 高脂血症表型与脂肪肝的关系. 世界华人消化杂志 2004; 12(4): 914-916
Revised: January 1, 2004
Accepted: January 8, 2004
Published online: April 15, 2004
AIM: To investigate the association between the formation of fatty liver and the phenotypes of hyperlipidemia.
METHODS: A total of 258 patients with hyperlipidemia were found in 413 patients with fatty liver, and 61 cases of hyperlipidemia in non-fatty liver patients were selected randomly as controls. The complications and liver function abnormalities were compared between two groups.
RESULTS: The proportion of hypertriglyceridemia and mixed hyperlipidemia was higher in the patients with fatty liver than non-fatty liver. Odds ratios (OR) of finding fatty liver in the patients with mixed hyperlipidemia and hypertrigly-ceridemia were 5.966 and 2.960 respectively, relative to hypercholesterolemia. The percentage of complications of typeⅡdiabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension, hyperuris-emia and the evelation of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), -glutamyltransferase (GGT) were higher in patients with fatty liver than non-fatty liver. But, there were no differences in coincidence of diabetes mellitus, obesity, hyperten-sion, hyperurisemia, coronary heart disease, choelithiasis among various phenotypes of hyperlipidemia.
CONCLUSION: The pathogenesis of fatty liver can be related to mixed hyperlipidemia and hypertriglyceridemia. The complications of patients with fatty liver may be more common than those with non-fatty liver, but have no differences of complications among various phenotypes of hyperlipidemia.
- Citation: Chen QK, Chen HY, Wang LY, Chen WX, Huang ZQ. Association between fatty liver and hyperlipidemia. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2004; 12(4): 914-916
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1009-3079/full/v12/i4/914.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.11569/wcjd.v12.i4.914
高脂血症作为脂肪肝发病的危险因素已为大多数研究证实[1-6], 但不同表型高脂血症引起脂肪肝的临床特点及差异, 国内少见报道[7-9]. 我们对各型高脂血症与脂肪肝的关系, 以及不同高脂血症表型脂肪肝的临床合并症、肝功能进行比较, 探讨其差异及特点.
我院1998-01/2002-05诊断为脂肪肝的患者413例. 其中, 伴高脂血症的脂肪肝患者258例[(慢性胃炎、消化性溃疡、功能性胃肠病等), 为高脂血症脂肪肝组; 随机抽取上述时间段存非脂肪肝患者200例], 作为对照组, 其中并发高脂血症的61例, 为高脂血症非脂肪肝组. 脂肪肝的诊断按照2002年中华医学会肝脏病学分会的标准[10]. 血脂异常按2001年美国ATPⅢ(Adult Treatment Panel Ⅲ)标准[11].
分别收集各组的初诊年龄、性别、II 型糖尿病、肥胖、高血压、冠心病、高尿酸血症、胆石症以及血清甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(CHO)和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)和总胆红素(TB)等肝功能指标. 所有生化指标均在日立7170A生化全自动分析仪进行检测.
统计学处理 用统计学SPSS10.0软件包进行统计. P<0.05为显著性差异. 率的比较用χ2检验. Logistic回归方程分析高脂血症表型与脂肪肝的关系.
在413例脂肪肝中, 男女比例为: 1: 1.11, 平均年龄54.4±8.9岁. 与200例非脂肪肝组相比, 性别(1: 1.19)和年龄(55.6±7.8岁) 的差异无统计学意义. 脂肪肝组混合性高脂血症的比例最高, 占27.4%, 其次分别为高TG血症(20.1%)和高CHO血症(15.0%), 三者间分别有显著性差异(P<0.05). 伴发高TG血症和混合性高脂血症的比例明显高于200例非脂肪肝对照组(表1).
血脂表型 | 脂肪肝组 | 非脂肪肝组 | P值 |
高TG血症 | 83 (20.1) | 16 (8.0) | 0.000 |
高CHO血症 | 62 (15.0)a | 34 (17.0) | 0.525 |
混合性高脂血症 | 113 (27.4) | 11 (5.5) | 0.000 |
Logistic回归分析表明, 三种高脂血症表型中, 混合性高脂血症和高TG血症与脂肪肝的形成密切相关. 与高CHO血症相比, 混合性高脂血症和高TG血症患者发生脂肪肝的优势比(OR)分别为5.966和2.960(表2).
变量 | β | SE | OR | χ2 | P值 |
高TG血症 | 1.085 | 0.337 | 2.960 | 10.337 | 0.001 |
混合性高脂血症 | 1.786 | 0.379 | 5.966 | 22.239 | 0.000 |
在413例脂肪肝患者中, 伴高脂血症者258例, 占62.5%. 200例非脂肪肝组, 伴高脂血症者61例, 占30.5%. 经χ2检验, 高脂血症脂肪肝组合并Ⅱ型糖尿病、肥胖、高血压、高尿酸血症的比例和ALT, GGT升高的比例显著高于高脂血症非脂肪肝组(表3).
指标 | 高脂血症脂肪肝组 | 高脂血症非脂肪肝组 | P值 |
Ⅱ型糖尿病 | 145 (56.2) | 3 (4.9) | 0.000 |
肥胖 | 158 (61.2) | 5 (8.2) | 0.000 |
高血压 | 125 (48.5) | 4 (6.6) | 0.000 |
冠心病 | 49 (19.0) | 7 (11.5) | 0.165 |
高尿酸血症 | 78 (30.2) | 8 (13.1) | 0.007 |
胆石症 | 13 (5.0) | 1 (1.6) | 0.244 |
AST (>40 U/L) | 45 (17.4) | 11 (18.0) | 0.913 |
ALT (>40 U/L) | 85 (32.9) | 6 (9.8) | 0.000 |
GGT (≥50 U/L) | 97 (37.6) | 14 (22.9) | 0.031 |
TB (≥17.1 mol/L) | 40 (15.5) | 10 (16.4) | 0.864 |
经χ2检验, 各型高脂血症之间伴发Ⅱ型糖尿病、肥胖、高血压、冠心病、高尿酸血症和胆石症的比例无显著差异(表4).
指标 | 高TG血症组n = 83 | 高CHO血症组n = 62 | 混合高脂血症组n = 113 | P值 |
糖尿病 | 49 (59.4) | 33 (53.2) | 75 (66.4) | 0.215 |
Ⅱ型糖尿病 | 43 (51.8) | 31 (50.0) | 71 (62.8) | 0.162 |
肥胖 | 49 (59.0) | 37 (59.7) | 72 (63.7) | 0.769 |
高血压 | 33 (39.8) | 33 (53.2) | 59 (52.2) | 0.156 |
冠心病 | 12 (14.5) | 16 (25.8) | 21 (18.6) | 0.224 |
高尿酸血症 | 26 (31.3) | 18 (29.0) | 34 (30.1) | 0.956 |
胆石症 | 4 (4.8) | 5 (8.1) | 4 (3.5) | 0.422 |
高脂血症好发于各类人群, 是多种慢性疾病的发病基础[12-15]. 各型高脂血症均可伴发脂肪肝, 而脂肪肝可能演变为非酒精性脂肪肝炎、肝纤维化、甚至肝硬化[16-17]. 本资料表明, 混合性高脂血症和高TG血症患者较高CHO血症患者更容易发生脂肪肝. 国外学者也认为, 高TG血症, 而不是高CHO血症, 可增加脂肪肝发生的危险性[5]. 对于脂肪肝患者合并高脂血症的比例, 国外学者的报道有所差异. Harrison et al[17]报道22例脂肪肝病例中, 合并高脂血症14例, 占63.6%. 而Bacon et al[18]报道33例脂肪肝病例, 合并高脂血症者只占21%. 我们发现, 413例脂肪肝病例, 伴高脂血症的脂肪肝258例, 占62.5%, 与国内的报道基本类似[9], 其中伴发混合性高脂血症比例最高, 占总脂肪肝病例的27.4%, 其次分别为高TG血症(20.1%)和高CHO血症(15.0%).
国外一组46例糖耐量正常的非酒精性脂肪肝患者进行病例-对照研究, 发现TG为脂肪肝发病的危险因素. Omagari et al[6]对3 432例门诊患者进行调查, 也认为TG为脂肪肝发病的独立危险因素之一. 尽管如此, 也有学者提出, 高脂血症发生脂肪肝的作用是复杂的, 并很难从肥胖和糖尿病的作用中独立出来[19]. 我们发现, 高TG血症和混合性高脂血症与脂肪肝的发病关系密切.
由于脂肪肝发病因素的多样性及各种危险因素复杂的相互作用, 使得脂肪肝的病因尚未完全明确. 除与高脂血症外, 还可能与糖尿病、肥胖、HCV感染、营养不良和快速减肥等危险因素有关[1,6,20]. 糖尿病尤其是Ⅱ型糖尿病与非酒精性脂肪肝之间有密切关系[21-22], 许多研究提出, 胰岛素抵抗可能是脂肪肝发生的一个重要机制[23-24], Ⅱ型糖尿病常伴有胰岛素抵抗和高胰岛素血症, 可引起肝脏脂质代谢异常和氧应激并抑制线粒体氧化, 导致肝脏脂质沉积及脂肪肝的形成[25]. 而高尿酸血症为胰岛素抵抗的表现之一, 因此可能与脂肪肝发病相关. 高血压和冠心病是两种与胰岛素抵抗有关的疾病, 与脂肪肝的发生存在相关性[25-26]. 脂肪肝也与肥胖关系密切, 大多数研究表明, 69%-100%的非酒精性脂肪肝炎患者伴有肥胖[27]. 本研究发现高脂血症脂肪肝合并Ⅱ型糖尿病、肥胖、高血压、高尿酸血症显著高于高脂血症非脂肪肝组. 提示在高脂血症基础上伴发上述疾病, 可能使脂肪肝发病的危险性增加. 但各表型高脂血症间合并Ⅱ型糖尿病、肥胖、高血压、冠心病、高尿酸血症和胆石症的比例无显著差异.
高脂血症发生脂肪肝的机制未明, 可能与"二次打击"学说有关[28], 高TG血症、肝内脂肪的动态平衡被破坏和游离脂肪酸(FFA)产生增多, FFA干扰胰岛素与受体结合, 使胰岛素作用减弱并伴有胰岛素抵抗, 导致脂肪在肝脏沉积[29]. FFA毒性作用可造成细胞内膜性结构如线粒体的肿胀等, 还能形成反应氧化类体(ROS)、激活并诱导产生细胞因子, 加重对肝细胞的损害.
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