临床研究 Open Access
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2004. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
世界华人消化杂志. 2004-03-15; 12(3): 744-747
在线出版日期: 2004-03-15. doi: 10.11569/wcjd.v12.i3.744
肠易激综合征患者睡眠质量特征
何剑琴, 王伟岸, 胡品津, 陈为
何剑琴, 王伟岸, 胡品津, 陈为, 中山大学附属第一医院消化科 广东省广州市 510080
何剑琴, 女, 1977-03-16 生, 广东省深圳市人, 汉族, 2002年中山大学毕业, 医学硕士, 主要从事消化临床研究.
通讯作者: 胡品津, 510080, 广东省广州市中山二路58号, 中山大学附属第一医院消化科. pjhumd@vip.163.com
电话: 020-87755766-8172
收稿日期: 2003-06-27
修回日期: 2003-07-15
接受日期: 2003-08-16
在线出版日期: 2004-03-15

目的: 探讨肠易激综合征(irritable bowel syndrome, IBS)患者的睡眠特征及其与精神症状的关系.

方法: 采用匹兹堡睡眠指数和症状自评量表-90自评量表对连续就诊的41例符合罗马II标准的肠易激综合征患者及同期连续就诊的35例消化性溃疡病患者和37例匹配的正常对照进行测评, 并通过回归分析探讨睡眠障碍和精神症状之间的关系.

结果: 与正常相比, IBS患者精神症状明显增多(40.2±4.5, t = 2.63, P = 0.047), 抑郁(0.64±0.24, t = 2.53, P = 0.020)和焦虑(0.67±0.30, t = 2.16, P = 0.016)积分明显增高; 在IBS患者中, 睡眠质量和日间功能显著下降, PSQI和睡眠障碍以及安眠药用量显著增加. IBS患者的强迫症状(t = 2.60, P = 0.037)和精神因素(t = 2.71, P = 0.028)积分也明显高于消化性溃疡病患者. 多元回归分析显示睡眠质量和多种精神症状呈负相关(R>0.195, P<0.05).

结论: IBS患者存在与精神症状相关的睡眠障碍.

关键词: N/A

引文著录: 何剑琴, 王伟岸, 胡品津, 陈为. 肠易激综合征患者睡眠质量特征. 世界华人消化杂志 2004; 12(3): 744-747
Sleep quality in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Jian-Qin He, Wei-An Wang, Pin-Jin Hu, Wei Chen
Jian-Qin He, Wei-An Wang, Pin-Jin Hu, Wei Chen, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affilated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510058, Guangdong Province, China
Correspondence to: Pin-Jin Hu, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affilated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510058, Guangdong Province, China. pjhumd@vip.163.com
Received: June 27, 2003
Revised: July 15, 2003
Accepted: August 16, 2003
Published online: March 15, 2004

AIM: To investigate the sleep quality in patients with irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) and its relationship with the patients psychiatric symptoms.

METHODS: The quality of sleep and psychiatric symptoms in consecutive 41 patients with IBS according to Rome II criteria were measured by Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI) and symptom checklist-90(SCL-90), respectively. In the meantime, 37 matched heath controls and 35 patients matched patients with peptic ulcer diseases as controls were also evaluated. The relationship between PSQI and psychiatric symptoms was investigated by regression analysis.

RESULTS: Compared with health controls, IBS patients had more psychiatric symptoms(40.2±4.5, t = 2.63, P = 0.047), and higher scores of depression(0.64±0.24, t = 2.53, P = 0.020) and anxiety(0.67±0.30, t = 2.16, P = 0.016). Among IBS patients, the quality of sleep and daily functions significantly decreased. PSQI and sleep disturbances as well as soporific using was markedly increased. The scores of obsessive-compulsive(t = 2.60, P = 0.037), and mental factor(t = 2.71, P = 0.028) were higher in IBS patients than that in patients with peptic ulcer diseases. Multiple regression analysis showed negative relarionship between the quality of sleep and many psychiatric symptoms(R>0.195, P<0.05, respectively).

CONCLUSION: IBS patients have sleep disturbances associated psychiatric symptoms.

Key Words: N/A


0 引言

肠易激综合征(irritable bowel syndrome, IBS)是一组肠功能障碍性综合征, 无任何器质性或生化指标的异常[1-6].临床流行病学和流行病学研究显示IBS患者常常有多种肠外症状[3-4,7-9]. 其中, 睡眠障碍是IBS患者常见的肠外症状[7], 并且症状的恶化与睡眠异常有相关性[10-14]. 尽管几组学者从不同角度探讨了睡眠质量和IBS的关系, 但还不能明确患者的睡眠质量是真正的睡眠异常还只是患者主观感觉的睡眠异常, 以及患者睡眠质量与心理症状之间的联系[10-14]; 同时国内文献鲜见有关IBS患者睡眠质量特征研究. 我们采用国际公认反映睡眠主、客观质量的匹兹堡睡眠质量指数[15-17]和评价非精神科患者精神症状的90项症状自评量表[18-20]对患者进行测评如下.

1 材料和方法
1.1 材料

符合IBS罗马II诊断标准[3]、在中山大学附属一院消化内科连续就诊的IBS患者(组2) 41例,男19例, 女22例, 年龄12-71(37.07±14.48岁). 经检查(大便常规、腹部B超、钡剂和/或肠镜等检查, 排除吸收不良综合征、血吸虫感染、胃肠道肿瘤、溃疡性结肠炎、Crohn病、肠道菌群失调、肝胆及内分泌疾病, 无神经系统及精神疾病史, 无药物和酒精滥用)确诊. 同时和年龄、性别匹配的35例来自同期就诊的消化性溃疡(PU)患者(组3)和37名健康自愿者(组1)对照.

1.2 方法

采用汉化的匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)(中国心理卫生杂志社. 心理卫生评定量表手册, 增订版. 北京, 1999) 对患者的睡眠质量进行测评, 该量表由 23个条目构成, 分为 7个域, 包括睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、安眠药物和日间功能, 每个成分按 0、 1、 2、3计分, 各域分相加为 PSQI总分, 总分越高示睡眠质量越差; 采用90项症状自评量表(SCL-90)(中国心理卫生杂志社. 心理卫生评定量表手册, 增订版. 北京, 1999)个体心身症状程度, 记录其中的SCL-90总分、阳性项目数、痛苦水平和躯体化、强迫、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性9个因子分.

统计学处理 用mean±SD表示; 多样本均数比较用ANOVA检验; 多样本比率比较用x2检验; 两样本均数比较用t检验; 指标间的相互关系用直线相关分析和多元逐步回归分析. 以P<0.05作显著性差异的检验标准. 均在SPSS 8.0软件包上进行.

2 结果
2.1 IBS患者心理症状

SCL-90症状自评量表测评结果显示, 与正常人相比, IBS患者精神症状总积分(40.2±4.5, t = 2.63, P = 0.047)、阳性项目数(0.65±0.31, t = 1.98, P = 0.001)、痛苦水平(1.44±0.57, t = 1.98, P = 0.001)、抑郁(0.64±0.24, t = 2.53, P = 0.020)和焦虑(0.67±0.30, t = 2.16, P = 0.016)评分明显增高; IBS患者的强迫症状(t = 2.60, P = 0.037)、抑郁(t = 1.92, P = 0.045)和精神病性因素(t = 2.71, P = 0.028)评分明显高于PU患者; 而正常人和PU患者在痛苦水平上有显著差别(t = 1.96, P = 0.006).

2.2 IBS患者睡眠质量

与正常组相比, IBS组的睡眠质量(P = 0.000)、睡眠障碍(P = 0.015)、安眠药物(P = 0.035)、日间功能(P = 0.007)和PSQI(P = 0.000)积分均明显增高, 器质性胃肠病组的睡眠质量(P = 0.000)、睡眠障碍(P = 0.000)、安眠药物(P = 0.024)、日间功能(P = 0.002)和PSQI(P = 0.000)也明显高于正常组, IBS组在睡眠质量各项平均分均比器质性胃肠病组高, 但差异无显著性意义(表1). 回归分析睡眠质量与入睡时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、安眠药物、日间功能及PSQI呈显著正相关(P<0.05).

表1 IBS患者睡眠质量比较.
睡眠指标组1组2组3P1 vs 2P2 vs 3P1 vs 3
睡眠质量0.71±0.461.46±0.691.16±0.540.000a0.0610.000a
入睡时间1.14±0.851.54±0.991.27±1.010.0790.2430.602
睡眠时间1.11±0.531.32±0.711.27±0.940.5580.5810.408
睡眠效率1.06±1.031.39±1.101.37±1.190.3580.7990.262
睡眠障碍0.81±0.371.41±0.521.32±0.560.015a0.0770.000a
安眠药物0.00±0.000.42±0.750.37±0.850.035a0.7900.024a
日间功能0.46±0.511.23±0.901.17±1.150.007a0.5180.002a
PSQI4.74±1.707.97±3.547.83±4.380.000a0.8460.000a
2.3 IBS患者睡眠质量与心理症状的相关分析

睡眠质量与SCL-90的躯体化、强迫症状、焦虑、敌对、精神病性及其总分、阳性项目数呈负相关, 表现为精神症状积分高者睡眠质量差; 日间功能与SCL-90的躯体化、强迫症状、人际敏感、忧郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、精神病性及其总分、阳性项目数均有高度负相关; 而PSQI与躯体化、强迫症状、忧郁、焦虑及总分、阳性项目数也呈负相关, 见表2.

表2 IBS患者SCL-90与睡眠质量相关分析.
睡眠质量入睡时间睡眠时间睡眠效率睡眠障碍安眠药物日间功能PSQI
总分0.255a0.1890.0150.0670.264b0.0250.349b0.255a
阳性项目数0.255a0.1890.0150.0660.265b0.0240.349b0.255a
痛苦水平0.207a0.0900.1450.1950.310b0.0650.1360.241a
躯体化0.275b0.1700.0610.1350.282b0.1340.339b0.310b
强迫症状0.222b0.214a0.0470.1090.245a0.0070.344b0.241a
人际敏感0.1520.130-0.104-0.0860.161-0.0200.263b0.100
忧郁0.195a0.1750.0210.0360.220a0.0070.291b0.215a
焦虑0.242a0.129-0.045-0.0070.240a-0.0150.345b0.200a
敌对0.214a0.010-0.0020.0610.209a0.0680.238a0.176
恐怖0.1210.069-0.0080.0220.143-0.0540.266b0.121
偏执0.0640.051-0.071-0.1250.026-0.1580.081-0.031
精神病性0.2040.155-0.0060.0260.191-0.0850.274b-0.031
3 讨论

IBS是一种以肠功能紊乱为特征的心理生理疾病, 除胃肠道症状外, 还有许多肠外表现, 包括心理症状(焦虑、抑郁等)和睡眠障碍[8,21-22]. 本结果支持这一观点.对内、外正常刺激的反应过度是IBS患者的重要特征[23], 王伟岸et al[24]的研究表明, IBS患者的症状易受暗示而加重, 用患者所担心的一些因素作"恶性视听刺激"复述给患者, 可以明显提高患者对直肠气囊扩张的敏感度, 而这些刺激对正常人则不具有上述作用, 表明条件反射可影响该病患者内脏感觉的异常, 即可能是一种对正常感觉的心理超敏反应.不少研究也从不同侧面论证了IBS患者存在疾病认知和症状感知异常[25-26].Elsenbruch et al[13-14] 采用睡眠质量指数调查表评价IBS患者主观的睡眠质量, 并用多导睡眠检测仪评价客观的睡眠质量, 发现IBS患者总的睡眠指数及其亚项均显著高于健康对照组, 而多导睡眠监测指数无显著差异.这一结果提示IBS患者的睡眠异常也可能是一种知觉异常.尽管其内在原因仍不完全清楚, 但根据Beck提出的情感障碍认知模式: 人们对各种事件的期望和解释(即认知过程)可导致负性情绪, 其中焦虑是个体对内外环境刺激(应激事件)产生的一种负性复合情感状态, 而机体对应激事件的反应中出现最早、最敏感的主观体验是睡眠行为障碍[27-29]. 睡眠障碍在IBS患者中很常见符合这一理论[10-14].

我们采用患者自评的睡眠障碍量表对同期在同一门诊就诊的IBS患者、消化性溃疡病患者进行测评, 发现与正常人相比, 不论IBS患者还是消化性溃疡病患者的反映主观睡眠质量的睡眠质量降低, 存在睡眠障碍, 需要安眠药物增多; 但患者自评的可反映患者睡眠质量客观指征的入睡时间和睡眠时间, 乃至睡眠效率和正常人无明显的差异. 更为有趣的是, IBS患者和器质性胃肠病患者有类似的睡眠障碍, 上述睡眠质量评价指标间并无差异.这些至少从一个侧面说明IBS患者的睡眠障碍可能是对疾病本身的焦虑和警惕性增高所致, 在很大程度上是主观的睡眠障碍, 即睡眠感觉改变, 而不是疾病特异的附带现象[11,14]. 本研究进一步评价了IBS患者的睡眠障碍和精神症状之间的关系, 发现精神症状积分高者睡眠质量差; 日间功能与SCL-90的躯体化、强迫症状、人际敏感、忧郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、精神病性及其总分、阳性项目数均有高度负相关; 而PSQI与躯体化、强迫症状、忧郁、焦虑及总分、阳性项目数也呈负正相关. 尽管本研究不能说明二者之间在IBS发病的因果关系, 这些交互作用进一步说明IBS患者存在与精神症状相关的睡眠障碍, 缓解IBS患者的精神症状可能改善患者的睡眠质量.

编辑: N/A

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