修回日期: 2004-08-10
接受日期: 2004-08-21
在线出版日期: 2004-11-15
目的: 探讨胃癌及癌旁组织中H pylori感染和PTEN、cyclinE表达, 他们之间的相关性以及胃癌发生的可能机制.
方法: 每例标本采用快速尿素酶试验, 组织病理学检测两种方法检查H pylori, 采用免疫组化法检测胃癌组织及癌旁组织59例中PTEN及cyclinE的表达.
结果: 胃癌组织PTEN在阳性率明显低于癌旁组织, 二者之间有显著差异(50.85% vs 96.61% P<0.05); 胃癌组织cyclinE阳性率高于癌旁组织, 二者之间有显著差异(55.93% vs 40.7% P>0.05); PTEN在高中分化腺癌中的表达率明显高于低分化腺癌和黏液癌, 有显著差异(68.4% vs 33.3% P<0.05, 68.4% vs 37.5%, P<0.05); 胃黏液癌及低分化腺癌CyclinE阳性表达明显高于高中分化腺癌, 有显著差异(68.8% vs 31.5% P<0.05, 66.7% vs 31.5%, P<0.05); H pylori阳性的PTEN阳性表达率明显低于H pylori阴性, 二者之间有显著差异(24.2% vs 69.2% P<0.05); cyclinE表达阳性率在H pylori阳性和阴性胃癌中, 二者之间无显著差异(51.9% vs 59.4% P>0.05).
结论: 胃癌的发生与抑癌基因PTEN的下调和癌基因cyclinE的过度表达有关, H pylori感染的致癌机制中可能有抑癌基因PTEN参与.
引文著录: 周庆华, 刘丽娜, 吕申, 王梅, 刘春英. 胃癌组织PTEN、cyclinE表达与幽门螺旋杆菌感染的关系. 世界华人消化杂志 2004; 12(11): 2560-2563
Revised: August 10, 2004
Accepted: August 21, 2004
Published online: November 15, 2004
AIM: To investigate the relationship between H pylori infection and PTEN, cyclinE expression in gastric cancer and adjacent mucosal tissues, and to study the possible mechanism of H pylori in gastric carcinogenesis.
METHODS: Both rapid urease and pathological test were used to examine H pylori in 59 cases of specimen. The expression of PTEN and cyclinE in gastric cancer and adjacent mucosal tissues was detected by immunohistochemical technique (SP method).
RESULTS: PTEN expression in gastric cancer tissues was significantly lower than that in the cancer adjacent tissues (50.85% vs 96.61%, P < 0.05); however, CyclinE expression in gastric cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in cancer adjacent tissues. The level of PTEN expression in well-differentiated adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than that in poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma and mucinous carcinoma (68.4% vs 33.3%, P < 0.05 68.4% vs 37.5%, P < 0.05 respectively); however, the level of CyclinE expression in well-differentiated adenocarcinoma was significantly lower than that in poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma and mucinous carcinoma (31.5% vs 68.8%, P < 0.05; 31.5% vs 66.7%, P < 0.05); PTEN expression in in H pylori positive group was lower than that in H pylori negative group (51.9% vs 59.4%, P > 0.05); CyclinE expression had no significant difference between H pylori positive and negative gastric cancer tissues.
CONCLUSION: Pathogenesis of gastric cancer relates to loss of suppression gene PTEN and over-expression of oncogene cyclinE, and suppression gene PTEN probably plays a role in development of gastric cancer induced by H pylori infection.
- Citation: Zhou QH, Liu LN, Lv S, Wang M, Liu CY. Relationship between expression of PTEN and cyclinE and Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2004; 12(11): 2560-2563
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1009-3079/full/v12/i11/2560.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.11569/wcjd.v12.i11.2560
PTEN/MMAC1/TEP1即细胞骨架蛋白同源的磷酸酶的编码蛋白(phosphatase homologue PTEN)[1], 是目前发现的第一个具有磷酸酯酶活性的抑癌基因, 既有抑制生长作用, 又有促进细胞凋亡作用, 参与细胞周期以及抑制细胞黏附及肿瘤转移[2]. 而癌基因cyclinE是细胞进入S期的关键性调节基因, 加速G1-S期转化, 在G1晚期起作用[3], 与人类肿瘤有关[4]. H pylori与胃癌发生有密切关系, 但引起胃癌的确切机制目前尚不明确, 有学者认为与肿瘤相关基因的异常表达有关[5-6].
2003-01/2003-10大连医科大学附属一院经胃镜检查诊断为胃癌, 并于镜下活检以及外科行胃大部切除的标本59例, 均经病理确诊并分型, 其中高分化腺癌为19例, 低分化腺癌24 例, 黏液腺癌16例. 在胃镜下取得的癌旁组织距癌组织至少5 cm, 在胃大部切除术后取得的癌旁组织为与癌组织最远处, 也经病理确诊并分型, 其中肠化生26例, 胃炎34例, 所有患者受检前均未经放化疗等治疗. 患者禁食10 h后于胃镜直视下取标本, 胃癌组织3块, 并经快速尿素酶试验检查, 以确定有无H pylori感染, 之后再用于组织学检查. 男43例, 女16例, 平均年龄为62.1±25.6岁, 所有标本经40 g/L中性甲醛固定, 石蜡包埋, 连续切片厚3-5μm. 常规HE染色, 根据组织结构和细胞形态诊断肠化生组织、胃炎组织、高中分化腺癌、低分化腺癌、胃黏液癌.
H pylori检测: 采用尿素酶试验法及组织学诊断, 后者用改良Giemsa染色法, 二种方法均阳性定为H pylori阳性;二者均阴性定为H pylori 阴性. 免疫组化染色: PTEN、cyclinE抗体分别设阴性和阳性对照, 阳性对照为已知表达阳性的组织, 阴性对照以PBS代替一抗. 免疫组化所用鼠抗人mAbPTEN、cyclinE及SP、DAB试剂均购于北京中山生物技术有限公司. 操作步骤按说明进行.免疫组化染色结果的判定: 检测PTEN、cyclinE阳性信号在细胞核内呈现棕褐色颗粒, 以阳性细胞的百分比判断结果. 每例切片选5个区域40倍高倍视野, 每个区域记数200个细胞, 按阳性细胞占同类计数细胞的百分比将免疫组化结果分为阴性, 即百分比<5%; 阳性为百分比>5%. 实验结果拍摄成像.
统计学处理 采用SPSS软件进行统计分析, 采用χ2检验对免疫组化结果进行分析处理, 以P<0.05(双侧)为有统计学意义.
PTEN、和cyclinE的表达在59例胃癌组织中有30例PTEN阳性, 阳性率50.9%. 59例癌旁组织中有57例PTEN阳性, 阳性率为96.6%, 二者之间有显著性差异(χ2 = 31.89, P<0.05, 表1). 59例胃癌组织中有33例cyclinE阳性, 阳性率为55.9%, 在癌旁组织中有24例阳性, 阳性率为40.7%, 二者之间无显著性差(χ2 = 2.74, P>0.05).
组织 | PTEN | CyclinE | ||||
+ | - | 阳性率(%) | + | - | 阳性率(%) | |
胃癌 | 30 | 29 | 50.9 | 33 | 26 | 55.9 |
癌旁 | 57 | 2 | 96.6 | 24 | 35 | 40.7 |
2.2 19例高中分化腺癌中, 13例PTEN阳性(图1), 阳性率为68.4%, 24例低分化腺癌中8例PTEN阳性, 阳性率为33.3%, 在16例黏液癌中有6例阳性, 阳性率为37.5%, 高中分化腺癌中的表达率明显高于低分化腺癌和黏液癌, 与二者比较有显著性差异(分别为χ2 = 5.58 P<0.05; χ2 = 6.3, P<0.05). 黏液癌与低分化腺之间无显著性差异(χ2 = 0.11, P>0.05). PTEN在癌旁组织中, 25例肠化生组织中有23例阳性, 阳性率为92.0%, 而在34例胃炎组织全部阳性, 阳性率为100%, 肠化生组织的阳性表达率虽低于胃炎组织, 但二者之间无显著性差异(χ2 = 0.16, P>0.05). CyclinE在胃黏液癌、胃低分化腺癌、胃高中分化腺癌中阳性表达分别为11、16、6例; cyclinE阳性表达率分别为68.8%、66.7%及31.6%, 胃黏液癌阳性表达明显高于胃高中分化腺癌, 有显著性差异(χ2 = 4.11, P<0.05), 胃低分化腺癌阳性表达也明显高于胃高中分化腺癌, 有显著性差异(χ2 = 5.23, P<0.05); 胃黏液癌阳性表达略高于胃低分化腺癌, 二者之间无显著性差异(χ2 = 0.045, P>0.05). 癌旁组织中cyclinE在25例肠化生组织中的14例阳性, 阳性率56.0%, 34例胃炎组织中, cyclinE有9例阳性, 阳性表达率为26.5%, 肠化生组织中cyclinE的阳性表达率明显高于胃炎组织, 二者之间有显著性差异(χ2 = 9.47, P<0.05, 表2).
病理 | n | PTEN | CyclinE | ||||
+ | - | 阳性率(%) | + | - | 阳性率(%) | ||
肠化生 | 25 | 23 | 2 | 92.0 | 14 | 11 | 56.0 |
胃炎组织 | 34 | 34 | 0 | 100 | 9 | 25 | 26.5 |
高中分化腺癌 | 19 | 14 | 5 | 73.7 | 6 | 13 | 31.6 |
低分化腺癌 | 24 | 9 | 15 | 37.5 | 16 | 8 | 66.7 |
黏液癌 | 16 | 5 | 11 | 31.3 | 11 | 5 | 68.8 |
总计 | 118 | 30 | 88 | 56 | 62 |
在H pylori阳性和H pylori阴性胃癌中, PTEN表达阳性率分别为36.3%和76.5%(表3), H pylori阳性者明显低于H pylori阴性, 二者之间有显著性差异(χ2 = 11.94, P<0.05). 在H pylori阳性和H pylori阴性胃癌中, cyclinE表达阳性率分别为51.9%及59.4%, 二者之间无显著差异(χ2 = 0.34, P>0.05).
H pylori | PTEN | CyclinE | ||||
+ | - | 阳性率(%) | + | - | 阳性率(%) | |
+ | 8 | 25 | 24.2 | 14 | 13 | 51.9 |
- | 18 | 8 | 69.2 | 19 | 13 | 59.4 |
26 | 33 | 33 | 26 |
文献报道, PTEN作为一种抑癌基因, 参与细胞凋亡调控[7-8]. 近年研究发现, 其表达与一些恶性肿瘤发生发展、生物学行为和预后有密切的关系[9-10], 但对PTEN在胃癌中的表达却有不一致的报道[11-12]. 本结果显示, PTEN在癌组织中的表达明显低于癌旁组织, 提示在胃癌组织中PTEN表达下调, 在由胃炎组织或肠化生组织向癌组织进化演变中抑癌基因PTEN的减少会导致对肿瘤的抑制作用的减弱. 本资料还显示, PTEN在高中分化腺癌阳性表达明显低于低分化腺癌及黏液腺癌, 而在低分化腺癌和黏液癌中的表达无明显差别, 提示PTEN表达与胃癌的临床病理特征及生物学行为有密切关系. PTEN阳性表达越低其肿瘤的恶性程度越高, 愈后越差. 此结果与有关报道一致[13-15]. CyclinE与细胞周期素依赖激酶2(CDK2)结合形成复合物, 该复合物的浓度是细胞通过G1-S调解点的最关键因素[16-18]. 异常细胞内cyclinE无顺序、无计划地过渡表达, 在整个细胞周期中含量过高, 可持续地激活CDK2区磷酸化底物, 促进细胞由G1期进入S期, 驱使细胞超越某些控制机制异常增生[19-20]. CyclinE过度表达与细胞的肿瘤明显相关[21-22]. 我们发现在高分化腺癌, 低分化腺癌及黏液腺癌中cyclinE的表达阳性率分别为31.6%、66.7%及68.8%, 说明随着肿瘤恶性程度升高、分化程度降低, cyclinE的表达率增高, 提示cyclinE与细胞分化和肿瘤的恶性程度有关. 结果还发现cyclinE的表达在癌组织高于癌旁组织, 提示癌基因cyclinE参与胃癌的发生. 在癌旁组织中, 肠化生组织的表达高于胃炎组织. 肠化生组织可视为一个癌前病变, 在肠化生组织中cyclinE增高提示在胃癌发生早期有cyclinE的参与. 关于肠化生组织的cyclinE阳性表达高于高分化腺癌, 考虑原因如下; (1)低分化腺癌及黏液腺癌的癌旁组织中, 有肠化生的为22例, 占所有肠化生病例(25例)的88%为大多数; (2)CyclinE的表达率与癌的恶性程度相关, 且多发生在癌的早期, 故在低分化腺癌及黏液腺癌癌旁组织中, cyclinE的表达率较高为60.4%, 以上两个原因使总的肠化生组织中的阳性表达率较高为56.0%, 而高分化腺癌恶性程度低, 其癌旁组织中肠化生的例数少, 为3例, 仅占12%, 对总的肠化生中的cyclinE的表达率影响小, 故肠化生的cyclinE的阳性表达率高于高分化腺癌的31.6%.
幽门螺杆菌(H pylori )是重要的致癌因素已受到越来越多的资料的证实[23-24]. 当幽门螺杆菌感染后, 宿主细胞对H pylori产生的反应分为速发性和迟发性两类, 迟发性反应多数涉及到基因表达的变化[25]. 近期一些研究者应用cDNA array分析了H pylori诱导的胃上皮细胞基因表达谱的变化. Chiou et al报道, 在H pylori的刺激下, 胃癌细胞株有21个基因上调和17个基因下调[26]. 所以对基因表达变化的进一步研究, 将有助于了解宿主细胞的抵抗策略和适应性变化的根本机制, 从而为干预有关环节, 减轻宿主细胞对H pylori的易感性提供新的思路[27-28]. 我们发现cyclinE在H pylori阳性的组织中与H pylori阴性组织中分别为51.9%及59.4%二者无显著性差异, 提示cyclinE在胃癌中的表达变化可能与H pylori感染无明显相关性. PTEN在H pylori阳性患者中为36.3%, 低于在阴性患者中的76.9%, 有显著性差异, 提示H pylori感染的胃癌患者中可能有PTEN的表达下调, 二者之间可能有一定的相关性. 关于cyclinE、PTEN与H pylori感染的关系, 文献报道甚少, 其他抑癌基因和癌基因与H pylori在胃癌的关系研究亦鲜有报道. 因此, H pylori感染导致胃癌的途径有很多种[29-30], 能否通过对癌基因及抑癌基因的影响而致癌, 还需进一步研究.
编辑:N/A
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