修回日期: 2004-09-09
接受日期: 2004-10-07
在线出版日期: 2004-10-15
目的: 探讨结肠癌组织中CD44v6和Ⅳ型胶原的表达以及血清中透明质酸(HA)和Ⅳ型胶原的浓度在结肠癌预后判断中的作用.
方法: 采用免疫组织化学技术, 检测60例结肠癌组织以及10名正常组织中CD44v6和Ⅳ型胶原的表达, 同时采用放射免疫技术检测上述60例结肠癌及10名正常人血清中透明质酸(HA)和Ⅳ型胶原的含量.
结果: 结肠癌组织中CD44v6阳性率为75%, 明显高于癌旁对照及正常结肠组织, 有淋巴结转移组的结肠癌组织中CD44v6的表达明显高于无转移组(70.9% vs 33.3%, P <0.01), Duke A和Duke B期明显低于Duke C和Duke D期(30.3%, 36.4% vs 62.5%, 66.7%, P <0.01); 而Ⅳ型胶原在结肠癌组织中均有不同程度的减少, 其中高分化组结肠癌组织中明显高于中、低分化组(61.1% vs 29.0%, 18.1%, P <0.01), 有淋巴结转移组明显低于无淋巴结转移组(20.8% vs 58.3%, P <0.01), Dukes A和DukeB期明显高Duke C和Duke D期(70.0%, 54.5% vs 31.3%, 16.6%, P <0.01), 结肠癌患者血清中HA和Ⅳ型胶原含量明显高于正常对照组(200±160 mg/L, 125±42 mg/L vs 61±14 mg/L, 60±15 mg/L, P <0.01), 且与有无淋巴结转移和Dukes分期相关, 随着组织中CD44v6和Ⅳ型胶原表达逐渐增加, 血清中HA亦逐渐增加, 而Ⅳ型胶原则逐渐减少.
结论: 组织中CD44v6和Ⅳ型胶原的表达及血清中HA和Ⅳ型胶原的含量对判断结肠癌患者的预后有重要意义.
引文著录: 徐钊, 张霞, 房殿春, 晋华源, 罗元辉, 阎晓初, 王东旭. 结肠癌患者癌组织中 CD44v6 和Ⅳ型胶原的表达及血清中 HA 和Ⅳ型胶原的定量检测. 世界华人消化杂志 2004; 12(10): 2312-2315
Revised: September 9, 2004
Accepted: October 7, 2004
Published online: October 15, 2004
AIM: To explore the role of CD44v6, type Ⅳ collagen expression in tissues and concentration of serum hyaluronic acid (HA) and type Ⅳ collagen in predication of prognosis of patients with colorectal carcinoma.
METHODS: Expression of CD44v6 and type Ⅳ collagen in the carcinoma tissues (n = 60) and normal tissues (n = 10) were detected by immunohistochemistry. Meanwhile, concentrations of HA and type Ⅳ collagen in serum were tested with radioimmunology.
RESULTS: Positive rate of CD44v6 in colorectal tissues was 75%, which was significantly higher than that in adjacent or normal tissues. Expression of CD44v6 in patients with lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than that without metastasis; expression of CD44v6 in Duke C or Duke D stage was significantly higher than that in Duke A or Duke B stage (62.5%, 66.7% vs 30.3%, 36.4% respectively, P <0.01). Expression of type Ⅳ collagen in poor or moderate differentiation tissues was significantly lower than that in well-differentiation ones (29.0%, 18.1% vs 61.1%; P <0.01). Expression of type Ⅳ collagen in Duke C, Duke D stage or in tissues with lymph node metastasis was significantly lower than that in Duke A, Duke B stage or that in tissues without lymph node metastasis (31.1%, 16.6%, 20.8% vs 70.0%; 54.5%, 58.3%, respectively; P <0.01). Concentrations of serum HA and type Ⅳ collagen in patients with colorectal cancer were significantly higher than those in normal group (200±160, 125±42 mg/L vs 61±14, 60±15 mg/L, P <0.01) and they related to lymph node metastasis and Dukes staging. With the increased expression of CD44v6 and type Ⅳ collagen in tissues of patients with colorectal cancer, the concentration of serum HA increased, whereas the concentration of serum type Ⅳ collagen decreased.
CONCLUSION: Expression of CD44v6 and type Ⅳ collagen in tissues and concentrations of serum HA and type Ⅳ collagen are useful parameters in predication of prognosis of patients with colorectal carcinoma.
- Citation: Xu Z, Zhang X, Fang DC, Jin HY, Luo YH, Yian XC, Wang DX. Expression of CD44v6 and type Ⅳ collagen in tissues, concentrations of serum hyaluronic acid and type Ⅳcollagen in patients with colorectal carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2004; 12(10): 2312-2315
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1009-3079/full/v12/i10/2312.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.11569/wcjd.v12.i10.2312
浸润和转移是恶性肿瘤患者死亡的主要原因之一, 他是一个复杂多步骤的主动过程, 包括肿瘤细胞脱离原发灶、局部浸润、进入宿主血液循环、出血管进入靶器官间质、在靶器官内增生等步骤. 其本质是肿瘤细胞与宿主细胞、肿瘤细胞与细胞外基质之间相互作用的过程. 基底膜成分的破坏及肿瘤细胞表面黏附分子表达异常是肿瘤浸润转移的两个重要环节. 我们采用免疫组织化学技术检测60例结肠癌患者Ⅳ型胶原及CD44v6的表达, 同时检测患者血清中HA和Ⅳ型胶原含量, 以探讨其对结肠癌浸润转移及预后判断的价值.
大肠癌60例选自本院1997-04/1998-01行根治术的患者. 病例纳入标准: 均经手术病理证实, 无肝肾功能异常, 无内分泌疾病及其他部位恶性肿瘤, 无放化疗病史者. 其中男性37例, 女性23例, 年龄22-76岁(平均56.9岁). 取少许手术切除的肿瘤组织常规40 g/L甲醛固定, 石蜡包埋, 连续切片, 片厚5 mm. 其中A期10例, B期22例, C期16例, D期12例; 有淋巴结转移24例, 无淋巴结转移36例. 另外10名正常大肠组织同时进行免疫组化染色.
采用免疫组化ABC法. CD44V6及Ⅳ型胶原单克隆抗体及ABC试剂盒购自中山生物技术公司, 以PBS代替一抗作为阴性对照, 抗原经胰酶和/或微波修复后, 室温下操作: 切片脱蜡至水; 3 mL/L过氧化氢阻断10 min; 非免疫血清封闭10 min; 一抗4 ℃孵育过夜; 二抗孵育37 ℃ 30 min; 三抗37 ℃ 30 min; DAB显色, 镜下观察, 显出黄色颗粒后终止反应; 苏木素复染, 中性树胶封片. CD44v6结果判定, 根据染色的程度和范围分为4级; 强阳性(+++): 阳性细胞占整个切片的70%以上; 阳性(++): 阳性细胞占整个切片的30-70%; 弱阳性(+): 阳性细胞占整个切片的10-30%; 阴性(-): 阳性细胞占整个切片的10%以下. Ⅳ型胶原结果判定, 根据癌性腺体或癌巢周围基底膜完整程度分为4级: 完全缺如(-); 碎片状(+); 间断性(++); 变薄的连续状(+++). 于手术前清晨空腹抽取静脉血, 室温放置2 h后离心分离血清, -20 ℃保存备用. HA及IV型胶原放免试剂盒购自上海海军医学研究所生物技术中心, 检测严格按试剂盒说明书进行. 同批检测10名正常献血员血清中HA及Ⅳ型胶原的含量作为正常对照.
统计学处理 采用χ2检测处理相关数据, P <0.05为相差显著, P <0.01为相差非常显著.
2.1 大肠癌组织, CD44v6表达阳性者45/60例, 占75%, 而癌旁大肠黏膜及正常大肠组织未见有CD44v6表达(0/70), 两组相差非常显著(P <0.01, 图1). CD44v6的表达与淋巴结转移及Dukes分期明显相关, 有淋巴结转移组CD44v6的表达明显高于无淋巴结转移组(P <0.01); Dukes C、D期CD44v6的表达明显高于Dukes A 、B期(P <0.01, 表1). 而CD44v6的表达与患者年龄、性别、分化程度和组织学类型无明显相关性(P >0.05). 正常结肠组织及癌旁组织Ⅳ型胶原表达是连续完整的, 呈现为清晰的棕黄色连续细线状分布或完整环绕腺体(图2-3). 60例结肠癌组织中Ⅳ型胶原的分布有不同程度减少, 其中7例为变薄的连续状(+++), 19例为间断状(++), 21例为碎片(+), 13例完全缺如(-).
低分化、有淋巴结转移及Dukes C和D期组Ⅳ型胶原表达以完全缺如及碎片状(-/+)为主, 明显高于高分化、无淋巴结转移及Dukes A和B期组(P <0.01, 表2), Ⅳ型胶原表达与肿瘤组织学类型无关(P >0.05).
2.2 血清中HA、Ⅳ型胶原含量正常人分别为62±14 mg/L, 60±15 mg/L, 结肠癌患者血清中HA、Ⅳ型胶原含量分别为203±160mg/L, 125±42 mg/L, 二者相差非常显著(P <0.01). 进一步分析表明, 肿瘤患者血清中HA和Ⅳ型胶原含量与肿瘤大小、分化程度无明显相关性, 而与有无淋巴结转移明显相关, 且HA含量与Dukes分期亦明显相关(P <0.01), Ⅳ型胶原含量Dukes C、D期略高于A、B期, 但无统计学意义(P >0.05, 表3). 本组60例大肠癌随着组织中CD44v6表达增高, 血清中HA的含量亦呈上升趋势, CD44v6强阳性表达的患者, 血清中HA含量明显高于CD44v6阴性的患者(P <0.01, 表4). Ⅳ型胶原的表达愈少, 血清中Ⅳ型胶原含量愈高(表5).
病理指标 | n | HA (mean±SD) (mg/L) | Ⅳ型胶原 (mean±SD) (mg/L) |
大小(cm) ≥5 | 24 | 247.5±22.6 | 120.5±52.2 |
<5 | 36 | 169.4±153.2 | 127.8±42.3 |
分化程度 高分化 | 18 | 152.7±116.2 | 115.9±44.0 |
中分化 | 31 | 216.3±214.7 | 126.0±42.8 |
低分化 | 11 | 246.1±214.6 | 135.1±61.0 |
淋巴结转移 有 | 36 | 122.4±127.7b | 109.0±35.8b |
无 | 24 | 323.0±209.9 | 148.1±51.6 |
Dukes分期 A | 10 | 92.6±24.2 | 97.0±25.2 |
B | 22 | 131.8±157.1 | 115.5±41.2 |
C | 16 | 265.6±175.4d | 139.1±40.4 |
D | 12 | 340.5±240.6d | 145.2±63.3 |
组织CD44v6 | n | 血清HA含量 |
+++ | 13 | 324±229b |
++ | 16 | 203±199 |
+ | 16 | 186±196 |
- | 15 | 117±49 |
Ⅳ型胶原是正常基底膜的主要组成成分之一, 其分布变化与各种癌肿转移潜能密切相关[1-2]. Havenith et al[3]报道Ⅳ型胶原在结肠癌中的表达与Dukes分期呈负相关, 有转移的结肠癌组织中Ⅳ胶原的表达亦明显减少. Offerhaus et al[4]报道临床分期越晚的结肠癌患者其癌组织中Ⅳ型胶原的含量亦越少, 组织中Ⅳ型胶原的分布与其预后指标一致. 我们采用免疫组化法检测了10例正常结肠及60例结肠癌组织中Ⅳ型胶原的表达, 结果表明, 正常结肠组织中Ⅳ型胶原呈连续完整性, 而癌组织中Ⅳ型胶原分布有不同程度的减少, 进一步研究表明癌组织低分化、有淋巴结转移、Dukes C、D期结肠癌患者, Ⅳ型胶原表达以完全缺如及碎片状为主, 而高分化、无淋巴结转移、Dukes A、B期结肠癌患者, Ⅳ型胶原表达以间断性或连续变薄为主. 与组织中Ⅳ型胶原变化相一致, 结肠癌患者血清中Ⅳ型胶原的含量明显增高, 有淋巴结转移的肿瘤患者血清中Ⅳ型胶原含量明显高于无转移患者, 进一步研究发现, 随着肿瘤组织中Ⅳ型胶原表达逐渐减少, 血清中Ⅳ型胶原含量明显增加, 提示组织中Ⅳ型胶原表达的增加与血清中Ⅳ型胶原含量的减少可作为评价结肠癌患者预后良好指标.
CD44是一种跨膜糖蛋白, 属细胞黏附分子(cell adhesion molecules, CAM)家族. 作为细胞黏附分子的一种, 参与了细胞与细胞之间、细胞与基质之间的特异性黏附, 人类CD44基因定位于11号染色体短臂上, CD44基因的外显子按剪接方式的不同分为标准(CD44s)及变异型(CD44v), 而变异型按外显子拼接类型不同又分为许多亚型[5]. 近年来的研究表明, CD44v与许多肿瘤的生长、浸润、转移及预后密切相关[6-13]. CD44v6是CD44的一个拼接变异体(splice variants), 主要出现在机体的病理过程, 特别是肿瘤的发生发展过程中, CD44v6的过量表达与结肠癌、胃癌、食管癌及恶性黑素瘤等许多肿瘤的生长、浸润、转移及预后密切相关, 下调CD44v6的表达可以明显抑制结肠癌细胞的肝转移能力[10]. 谷化平et al[14]检测了90例大肠癌, 发现CD44v6的mRNA阳性表达分别为62例(68.9%), CD44v6的mRNA高表达与大肠癌Duke's分期、浆膜浸润、淋巴结转移、肝脏转移均呈正相关. 陈冰et al[15]采用免疫组织化学法检测87例结直肠癌中的CD44v6表达. 发现结直肠癌组织中CD44v6的阳性表达率为58.6%, 结直肠癌中CD44v6的表达与肿瘤的分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移和Dukes分期密切相关(P <0.05), 认为检测结直肠癌组织中CD44v6的表达可反映肿瘤的生物学行为. 我们采用免疫组化方法, 发现CD44v6与结肠癌淋巴结转移密切相关, 有淋巴结转移者CD44v6表达明显强于无淋巴结转移者, 并且发现CD44v6表达与结肠癌的Dukes分期明显相关, Dukes C, D期CD44v6表达明显强于Dukes A期和B期, 与国外报道基本一致. 我们未发现CD44v6的表达与肿瘤分化、类型及大小相关.
透明质酸(HA)作为CD44的配体, 在肿瘤转移中亦具有重要的作用[16]. 国内许洪卫 et al[17]的研究表明在结直肠癌患者中, DukesC期和/或有淋巴结转移的患者, 其血清HA水平与患者的Dukes分期及有无淋巴结转移密切相关. 进一步研究发现随着CD44v6表达的明显增加, 患者血清中HA的含量亦明显增加. 提示血清中HA的水平可以反应其组织中CD44受体的水平.
总之, 结肠癌组织中CD44v6和Ⅳ型胶原表达及血清中HA和Ⅳ型胶原的含量可作为评价结肠癌患者预后的良好指标.
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