修回日期: 2002-10-25
接受日期: 2002-11-17
在线出版日期: 2003-06-15
探讨保留胰腺的脾动脉干及脾切除术在胃癌根治术中的意义.
对20例胃上部及胃体部癌行保留胰腺的脾动脉干及脾切除术以期预防性清扫第10及第11组淋巴结的患者进行了前瞻性地研究.
20例术中清扫出第10及第11组可疑转移淋巴结平均6枚/例, 术后病理切片检查有11例患者第10组淋巴结有癌转移(22/60), 有9例患者第11组淋巴结有癌转移(20/56), 其中有6例患者第16a1、16a2组淋巴结有癌转移?无胰瘘及其他并发症发生.
胃上部及胃体部癌转移至第10及第11组淋巴结的机会较大, 对肿瘤直径>5 cm的患者, 应常规预防性清扫上述两组淋巴结?
引文著录: 陈志新, 胡建昆, 张波, 陈佳平, 周总光. 保留胰腺的脾动脉干及脾切除术在胃癌根治术中的意义. 世界华人消化杂志 2003; 11(6): 842-844
Revised: October 25, 2002
Accepted: November 17, 2002
Published online: June 15, 2003
N/A
- Citation: N/A. N/A. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2003; 11(6): 842-844
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1009-3079/full/v11/i6/842.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.11569/wcjd.v11.i6.842
近年来, 胃上部及胃体部癌的发生率有逐渐增加的趋势, 外科治疗仍是最有效的治疗方法[1-6]. 术式选择上, 大多数学者主张行全胃切除术. 但关于淋巴结清扫范围及联合脏器切除的问题, 目前尚有争议[5-12]. 我院2001-05/2002-05, 对20例胃上部及胃体部癌行保留胰腺的脾动脉干及脾切除术以期预防性清扫第10及第11组淋巴结的患者进行了前瞻性地研究, 近期结果报告如下.
男11例, 女9例; 年龄36岁-71岁(平均53.3岁); 病变大小: 5-7 cm 8例, 7 cm以上12例, 术前均经胃镜活检得到病理组织学证实.
切除大网膜、小网膜、肝十二指肠韧带腹膜、横结肠系膜前叶和胰腺被膜, 清扫第8、9、12、13、14组淋巴结, 于根部结扎胃左动脉, 清扫第7组淋巴结及脾动脉近段1/3血管周围淋巴结, 在脾动脉根部结扎, 显露胰尾, 分离脾静脉和胰尾动脉后予以结扎, 游离胰腺上缘, 将脾动脉中段及远段1/3血管周围脂肪及淋巴结(第11组), 脾脏(第10组)连同胃、胃网膜、胃周1-6组淋巴结整块切除, 保留胰腺实质和脾静脉. 然后行食管-空肠Roux-en-Y吻合, 重建消化道.
对20例直径>5 cm的胃上部及胃体癌行保留胰腺的脾动脉干及脾切除术, 术后清除第10及第11组可疑转移淋巴结平均6枚/例, 术后病理切片检查有11例患者第10组淋巴结有癌转移(22/60), 有9例患者第11组淋巴结有癌转移(20/56), 其中有6例患者第16a1、16a2组淋巴结有癌转移. 20例手术后无1例发生胰瘘及其他并发症.
胃癌的基础研究虽已取得很大的进展, 但应用于临床尚需有一段时间[13-25]. 对于胃上部及胃体部癌的治疗, 强调的是要行根治性切除, 特别是淋巴结的彻底清扫.但在根治性近端胃或全胃切除术中, 为清扫脾动脉周围淋巴结或/和脾门淋巴结而切除胰腺的远侧部, 术后常出现胰瘘, 急性胰腺炎, 膈下脓肿和糖尿病等并发症, 患者的死亡率也明显增加. 为避免这些问题, 早在1979年Maruyama et al等就开展了保留胰腺的全胃切除术, 手术保留胰腺和脾静脉, 而将脾、脾动脉和其周围的脂肪结缔组织包括淋巴结完全切除. 术后并发症发生率和死亡率均降低[26-29]. 我们的术式在脾动脉根部结扎, 显露胰尾, 分离脾静脉和胰尾动脉后予以结扎, 保证了胰背动脉对胰腺的血供, 可避免胰腺坏死, 使术后并发症的发生率和死亡率降低到0. 保留胰腺的理论依据在于: (1)在切除脾动脉以清扫其周围的淋巴结后, 胰腺的血供良好, 因为胰背动脉的左支, 即胰横动脉仍可保证远侧胰腺的血供, 而脾静脉紧贴胰腺实质, 二者间无淋巴回流. (2)胃的淋巴引流只进入胰腺包膜下, 不进入胰实质, 胰实质内无淋巴结转移. 而胰周的淋巴结转移仅在胰包膜下的脂肪结缔组织内, 常在脾门和脾动脉周围, 因此, 保留胰腺不会影响手术的根治性. (3)切除脾动脉后胰腺实质周围所有的淋巴脂肪结缔组织可被完整切除, 该手术操作经我们应用具有可行性?切除脾脏可以彻底清除第10组淋巴结, 胃癌根治术脾脏切除与否, 一直存有争议, 部分学者认为脾脏切除将严重破坏机体的免疫功能, 使术后感染的机会大大增加[25-29], 因此对切除脾脏应持慎重态度或在胃癌根治术中尽可能地进行保脾淋巴结清扫. 但有学者研究证实, 按这种方法清扫后脾门淋巴结残留率达74.7%, 很难达到根治目的[26,27] . 我们研究发现: 胃上部及胃体部癌患者行保留胰腺的脾动脉干及脾切除术清扫第10及第11组淋巴结彻底, 并且所清除的淋巴结的癌转移率高, 所有患者术后并未出现全身爆发性感染及脾窝积液、腹腔感染. 当然这与我科专业分工细、手术组人员固定也有一定的关系, 因此, 我们认为, 对于进展期胃上部及胃体癌, 尤其是浆膜已受侵犯, 能行根治切除者, 主张保留胰腺的脾动脉干及脾切除术. 此时, 脾门如触不到明显肿大淋巴结, 亦不能否定转移.
胃癌患者, 其主要的预后因素是肿瘤深度和有无淋巴结转移, 而联合胰切除没有生存优势, 且手术时间长, 手术期失血、输血增多, 手术并发症多, 术后生存质量无改善, 不应作为扩大淋巴结清扫的标准术式. 对于胃中上部癌直接侵犯了胰体尾, 应行全胃联合胰体尾切除术, 而采用预防性的胰体尾切除应该予以否定. 保留胰腺的脾动脉干及脾切除术能在有效地保留患者胰腺功能的同时彻底切除癌肿, 清除转移淋巴结, 手术安全, 并发症少, 患者的生存质量亦得到了最大限度的改善, 值得进一步研究.
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