This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Dong-Mei Yao, Xi-Xian Yao, Chuan-Jie Yang, Zhi-Jie Feng, Hong-Mei Fang, Jun-Ping Gao, Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical Univercity, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
Correspondence to: Xi-Xian Yao, Department of Gastroenterology, Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China. yaoxixian@263.net
Received: July 12, 2002 Revised: August 20, 2002 Accepted: August 23, 2002 Published online: June 15, 2003
AIM
To investigate the effects of ET-1, NO on hepatic hemodynamics in isolated perfused rat liver at various stages of liver cirrhosis (LC).
METHODS
LC was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of CCL4 combined with ethanol as drinking water. According to time points of CCL4 injection, and combined with histopathological changes of liver and ascites, the isolated perfusion of liver was performed at a constant flow rate to determine the modulating effects of ET-1 and NO in the ends of 9th week (E-LC) and 14th week (L-LC) after injected CCL4.
RESULTS
After perfusion of L-NAME into the portal vein, there were no significant changes in the perfused pressure of portal vein (PP) and the hepatic venous pressure (Phv) of the L-LC group, the E-LC group and control group (P>0.05). After perfusion of ET-1, the PP of each group increased significantly (P<0.01). The elevated ranges of PP of the L-LC group was more than that of the E-LC group (P<0.01), both of which were higher than that of the control group (P<0.01). Compared with the ET-1 groups, the PP of the control group, the E-LC group and the L-LC group increased significantly (P<0.05) after perfusion of ET-1+L-NAME. There were no significant differences between the elevated ranges of PP of the L-LC and that of the E-LC group (P>0.05), both of which were more than that of the control group (P<0.01).
CONCLUSION
ET-1 plays a key role in elevating intra-hepatic resistance, facilitating synthesis of NO, which grow stronger in LC. With the development of LC, the compensation of NO decreases further. It is considered that antagonist of ET receptor and NO provider can increase synthesis of NO and be thus used in treatment of the high pressure of portal vein.
Key Words: N/A
Citation: Yao DM, Yao XX, Yang CJ, Feng ZJ, Fang HM, Gao JP. Effects of ET-1 and NO on hepatic hemodynamics at various stages of isolated perfused cirrhotic liver in rats. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2003; 11(6): 726-729
Liu F, Li JX, Li CM, Leng XS. Plasma endothelin in patients with endotoxemia and dynamic comparison between vasoconstrictor and vasodilator in cirrhotic patients.World J Gastroenterol. 2001;7:126-127.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Chen S, Liu B, Cai XM, Gu CH. Clinical significance of changes of endothelin and nitric oxide levels in peripheral blood of patients with severe hepatitis.Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi. 1999;7:122-124.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Hasegawa T, Kimura T, Sasaki T, Okada A. Plasma endothelin-1 level as a marker reflecting the severity of portal hypertension in biliary atresia.J Pediatr Surg. 2001;36:1609-1612.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Ohara N, Futagawa S, Watanabe S, Fukasawa M, Takamori S. Clinical investigation of endothelin-1 and nitric oxide in patients with portal hypertension focusing on plasma levels and immunohistological staining of liver tissues.Hepatol Res. 2001;21:40-54.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Kuddus RH, Nalesnik MA, Subbotin VM, Rao AS, Gandhi CR. Enhanced synthesis and reduced metabolism of endothelin-1 (ET-1) by hepatocytes--an important mechanism of increased endogenous levels of ET-1 in liver cirrhosis.J Hepatol. 2000;33:725-732.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Hocher B, Brause M, Mendes U, Berger D, Buhler H, Gross P. Impact of the endothelin system on water and sodium excretion in patients with liver cirrhosis.Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1999;14:1133-1138.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Kamath PS, Carpenter HA, Lloyd RV, McKusick MA, Steers JL, Nagorney DM, Miller VM. Hepatic localization of endothelin-1 in patients with idiopathic portal hypertension and cirrhosis of the liver.Liver Transpl. 2000;6:596-602.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Helmy A, Jalan R, Newby DE, Johnston NR, Hayes PC, Webb DJ. Altered peripheral vascular responses to exogenous and endogenous endothelin-1 in patients with well-compensated cirrhosis.Hepatology. 2001;33:826-831.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Huang YQ, Xiao SD, Zhang DZ, Mo JZ. Nitric oxide synthase distribution in esophageal mucosa and hemodynamic changes in rats with cirrhosis.World J Gastroenterol. 1999;5:213-216.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Van de Casteele M, Omasta A, Janssens S, Roskams T, Desmet V, Nevens F, Fevery J. In vivo gene transfer of endothelial nitric oxide synthase decreases portal pressure in anaesthetised carbon tetrachloride cirrhotic rats.Gut. 2002;51:440-445.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Wiest R, Groszmann RJ. Nitric oxide and portal hypertension: its role in the regulation of intrahepatic and splanchnic vascular resistance.Semin Liver Dis. 1999;19:411-426.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Fukushige H, Doi Y, Kudo H, Kayashima K, Kiyonaga H, Nagata T, Itoh H, Fujimoto S. Synthesis and receptor sites of endothelin-1 in the rat liver vasculature.Anat Rec. 2000;259:437-445.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Petrowsky H, Schmandra T, Lorey T, Hanisch E, Herrmann G. Endothelin-induced contraction of the portal vein in cirrhosis.Eur Surg Res. 1999;31:289-296.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Reynaert H, Thompson MG, Thomas T, Geerts A. Hepatic stellate cells: role in microcirculation and pathophysiology of portal hypertension.Gut. 2002;50:571-581.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Zhang M, Luo B, Chen SJ, Abrams GA, Fallon MB. Endothelin-1 stimulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the pathogenesis of hepatopulmonary syndrome.Am J Physiol. 1999;277:G944-G952.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Tong Q, Zeng L. Study on the correlation of plasma NO, ET-1 and ALT in the patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis.J Tongji Med Univ. 2000;20:203-204.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Yu Q, Shao R, Qian HS, George SE, Rockey DC. Gene transfer of the neuronal NO synthase isoform to cirrhotic rat liver ameliorates portal hypertension.J Clin Invest. 2000;105:741-748.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Bauer M, Bauer I, Sonin NV, Kresge N, Baveja R, Yokoyama Y, Harding D, Zhang JX, Clemens MG. Functional significance of endothelin B receptors in mediating sinusoidal and extrasinusoidal effects of endothelins in the intact rat liver.Hepatology. 2000;31:937-947.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Kojima H, Sakurai S, Kuriyama S, Yoshiji H, Imazu H, Uemura M, Nakatani Y, Yamao J, Fukui H. Endothelin-1 plays a major role in portal hypertension of biliary cirrhotic rats through endothelin receptor subtype B together with subtype A in vivo.J Hepatol. 2001;34:805-811.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Tieche S, De Gottardi A, Kappeler A, Shaw S, Sagesser H, Zimmermann A, Reichen J. Overexpression of endothelin-1 in bile duct ligated rats: correlation with activation of hepatic stellate cells and portal pressure.J Hepatol. 2001;34:38-45.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Yokomori H, Oda M, Ogi M, Kamegaya Y, Tsukada N, Nakamura M, Ishii H. Enhanced expression of endothelin receptor subtypes in cirrhotic rat liver.Liver. 2001;21:114-122.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Kojima H, Yamao J, Tsujimoto T, Uemura M, Takaya A, Fukui H. Mixed endothelin receptor antagonist, SB209670, decreases portal pressure in biliary cirrhotic rats in vivo by reducing portal venous system resistance.J Hepatol. 2000;32:43-50.
[PubMed] [DOI]
Poo JL, Jimenez W, Maria Munoz R, Bosch-Marce M, Bordas N, Morales-Ruiz M, Perez M, Deulofeu R, Sole M, Arroyo V. Chronic blockade of endothelin receptors in cirrhotic rats: hepatic and hemodynamic effects.Gastroenterology. 1999;116:161-167.
[PubMed] [DOI]