修回日期: 2002-08-20
接受日期: 2002-08-29
在线出版日期: 2003-10-15
研究CD44v9 和MMP-2在胃癌和癌旁组织中的表达, 探讨胃癌侵袭与转移的可能机制.
采用RT-PCR方法分别检测40例胃癌及癌旁组织CD44v9及MMP-2的阳性表达情况.
40例胃癌组织中CD44v9和MMP-2的阳性表达率分别为75%和82.5%, 明显高于癌旁组织的35%和48.5%, 二者比较差异均有显著性(x2 = 12.929; x2 = 10.769. P均≤0.001). CD44v9和MMP-2表达与肿瘤的大小、分化高低、浸润深度及临床分期有关, 合并有淋巴结转移的17例胃癌患者CD44v9和MMP-2表达率明显高于不伴有淋巴结转移的胃癌患者(P均<0.05), CD44v9和MMP-2的表达与胃癌有相关性(r = 0.6, P<0.001).
CD44v9和MMP-2与胃癌侵袭和转移性有关, 可作为预测肿瘤转移潜能的指标.
引文著录: 张翠萍, 田字彬, 赵清喜, 武军, 梁永信. 胃癌组织CD44v9和MMP-2基因的表达. 世界华人消化杂志 2003; 11(10): 1531-1534
Revised: August 20, 2002
Accepted: August 29, 2002
Published online: October 15, 2003
To study the expression of matrix metalloproteinase CD44v9, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in gastric cancer and the corresponding adjacent normal tissues, to investigate the possible mechanism of tumor invasion and metastasis in gastric cancer.
Tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues in 40 cases of gastric cancer were detected by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the expression of CD44v9, MMP-2.
The expression of CD44v9, MMP-2 in tumor tissues were higher than that in adjacent normal tissues, respectively(x2 = 12.929, x2 = 10.769, P≤0.001).The expression was related to tumor size, degree of differentiation, clinical staging.The expression of CD44v9, MMP-2 mRNA in 17 gastric cancers with lymph node metastasis were higher than that in gastric cancer without lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The expression of CD44v9, MMP-2 correlated highly with gastric cancer (r = 0.6, P<0.001).
CD44v9, MMP-2 were related to tumor invasion and metastasis in gastric cancer, and could be used as important indexes to predict invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer.
- Citation: Zhang CP, Tian ZB, Zhao QX, Wu J, Liang YX. Relation between CD44v9, MMP-2 and tumor invasion and metastasis in gastric cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2003; 11(10): 1531-1534
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1009-3079/full/v11/i10/1531.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.11569/wcjd.v11.i10.1531
消化道肿瘤侵袭和转移是肿瘤治疗失败的主要原因, 是多因素综合作用的结果. 已有研究资料表明细胞表面黏附分子CD44能降解细胞外基质蛋白的IV型胶原酶(MMP)可能在肿瘤的侵袭转移过程中起重要作用[1-9]. 但有关CD44v9、MMP-2联合检测在胃癌发生、转移和预后中的作用及二者相关性的未见报道. 我们采用RT-PCR方法观察CD44v9和MMP-2在胃癌组织和癌旁组织中的表达以及与各临床病理指标之间的关系, 以探讨其阳性表达与胃癌侵袭转移及预后的关系及二者表达的相关性.
胃癌及癌旁组织标本40例均取自于本院2000-06/2001-06因胃癌行胃大部切除并经病理证实为胃癌的患者. 男29例, 女11例, 年龄28-80 (平均59±13)岁. 胃窦17例, 胃体11例, 胃底及贲门8例, 残胃及幽门管各2例. 高分化8例, 中低分化32例. 临床早期9例, 中晚期31例. 有淋巴结转移17例, 无淋巴结转移23例, 4例并远处广泛转移. 术中取无菌标本, 放入经消毒处理的小瓶内, -80 °C储存备用. DEPC (焦碳酸二乙酯) Sigma公司产品; 十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS) BIB公司产品 ; TRIZOL试剂GIBCO公司产品. 微量移液器(法国Gilson公司产品); 高速低温台式离心机3K30型( 德国); DNA扩增仪480型(美国PE公司产品); 紫外分光光度计(日本岛津公司产品); Ultroscan XL 型激光密度扫描仪(瑞典LKB公司).
用D-Hanks液清洗组织标本, 然后用无菌眼科剪剪碎至直经约1 mm组织小块. 加胰蛋白酶和胶原酶消化. 将肿瘤组织和癌旁组织制成单细胞悬液, 用Trizol试剂进一步提取细胞总RNA. 紫外分光光度计定量. CD44v9和MMP-2 的检测采用RT-PCR方法. 取细胞总RNA 1 μg, 采用逆转录试剂盒要求的标准条件进行RNA逆转录反应, 所获cDNA用作PCR反应的模板. CD44v9 MMP-2和内参照β-actin基因引物分别参照文献[10]设计, 引物序列如下: CD44v9引物上游为: 5'-GCA GAG TAA TTC TCA GAG CTT CTC TAC AT-3', 下游为5'-TTG ATG TCA GAG TAG AAG TTG TTG GAT GG-3', MMP-2 引物上游为: 5'-ACA AAG AGT GGC AGT GCA A-3', 下游为 5'-CAC GAG CAA AGG CAT CC-3', β2-actin引物上游为5'-CTG TCT GGC GGC ACC ACC AT-3', 下游为5'-GCA ACT AAG TCA TAG CCG C-3', 上述引物扩增片段长度分别为302 bp, 365 bp, 476 bp和254 bp, 由上海生工技术服务有限公司合成. 对PCR反应条件进行优化确定最适浓度和其他各反应成分浓度, 全部实验按最佳优化条件进行, 在同一反应体系对MMP-2和β2-actin , CD44v9和β2-actin两对基因分别同时扩增, 扩增条件为95 °C变性30 s, 57 °C复性30 s, 72 °C延伸1 min共33个循环, 最后72 °C延伸2 min. 取扩增产物10 μL于含EB (0.5 mg/L)的20 g/L的琼脂糖凝胶中电泳, 80 V, 1 h, 紫外透射仪下观察结果并照相. 在激光密度扫描仪上扫描底片, 若观察到特异性扩增条带者, 表明CD44v9或MMP基因阳性表达, 若无特异性扩增条带则视为无CD44v9或MMP基因表达.
统计学处理 采用x2及Spearman等级相关分析检验.
40例胃癌组织中CD44v9和MMP-2的阳性表达率分别为82.5%、75%, 明显高于癌旁组织的48.5%和35%, 二者比较差异均有显著性(x2 = 12.929; x2 = 10.769. P均≤0.001). CD44v9和 MMP-2阳性表达率与肿瘤的大小、分化高低、临床分期、浸润深度(MMP-2除外)及有无淋巴结转移有关, 合并有淋巴结转移的17例胃癌患者CD44v9, MMP-2表达率明显高于不伴有淋巴结转移的胃癌患者(P<0.05). 在肿瘤较大、临床分期较晚、浸润较深、及伴有淋巴结转移者, MMP-2及CD44v9阳性表达率明显高于肿瘤较小、临床分期较早、浸润较浅及无淋巴结转移者(P<0.05-0.01), 表1.
有MMP-2阳性表达的33例胃癌患者组织中CD44v9阳性表达者29例, 阴性表达者4例, 而在MMP-2阴性表达的7例胃癌患者组织中, CD44v9阴性表达6例. 经Spearman等级相关分析检验, 胃癌中MMP-2与CD44v9表达呈正相关(r = 0.6, P<0.001). 在比较胃癌淋巴结转移情况时发现在MMP-2和CD44v9均阳性表达的29例患者中术中发现淋巴结转移15例, 淋巴结转移率为51.7%; 而在MMP-2和CD44v9均阴性表达的8例患者中术中发现淋巴结转移1 例, 淋巴结转移率为12.5%, 二者比较有显著性差异(x2 = 3.93, P<0.05).
本研究表明CD44v9在胃癌组织中的阳性表达率显著高于其癌旁组织, 这与其他研究报道结果相一致[11-15]. 提示CD44v9可能与胃癌的发生发展、临床分期及转移有关, 伴有侵袭和转移的胃癌CD44v9的表达明显增高, 但与病理类型、肿瘤的大小及组织学类型无明显相关性. 变异型CD44作为一种透明质酸的受体, 分子的NH2末端功能区能连接细胞外间质及基底膜的透明质酸盐调节细胞的运动和形态, 同时"锚"定在宿主细胞外间质及基底膜上, CD44阳性细胞更易与毛细血管后小静脉中的高柱状内皮细胞结合, 使肿瘤细胞更易进入淋巴系统和循环系统, 同时透明质酸降解产物还能启动血管的发生, 为侵袭转移奠定基础, 并且, CD44v9具有介导淋巴细胞与血管内皮结合, 使淋巴细胞穿过血管壁返回淋巴组织的功能, 所以又称"归巢"受体, CD44v9可使癌细胞获得转移能力, 通过与远隔血管和淋巴管内某些配体结合, 使转移至那里的癌细胞更稳定的寄宿, 形成转移癌灶. 这些因素均能使CD44v9阳性肿瘤细胞获得更强的侵袭和转移能力.
大量研究显示基质金属蛋白酶尤其是MMP-2是细胞外基质成分分解代谢的关键酶, 能降解结缔组织分解细胞外基质(细胞间基质和基底膜)所有的大分子蛋白, 所以他们的活性与肿瘤的侵袭和转移有密切关系[16-25]. 我们采用先进的RT-PCR方法对胃癌及癌旁组织中MMP-2进行定性表达, 结果显示, 在胃癌组织中MMP-2的阳性表达率均较癌旁组织为高, 有癌旁组织表达的基本见于分化差且临床分期较高的胃癌病例. 分化好或早期胃癌, 癌组织及癌旁组织阳性表达者较少. 从而提示基质金属蛋白酶在胃癌的发生发展中可能起到某些重要的作用, 其活性的阳性检出率可作为胃癌的诊断指标之一. 癌旁组织虽较癌组织中表达率低, 但仍有一定的表达能力, 提示肿瘤细胞可以通过可溶递质或膜黏合分子与间质细胞进行信息交换, 协同产生和调节MMP, 这在肿瘤细胞侵袭和转移机制中可能具有重大意义.
肿瘤组织中MMP-2或CD44v9与临床病理因素和预后的关系, 我们发现胃癌组织中MMP-2或CD44v9的表达与肿瘤的大小有关, 这可能是由于瘤体增大时, 瘤体的血供相对不足, 从而使与癌细胞侵袭相关的功能基因表达增加, 以便逃离血供不足的环境而向远处血供丰富的地方侵犯, 而MMP-2是重要的与侵袭相关的功能基因, 因此其表达随着胃癌瘤体的增大而增加[8]. 这点有助于胃癌的早期诊断及早期治疗. MMP-2的过度表达与转移性肿瘤细胞的局部浸润和扩散之间具有很密切的关系[9], 中晚期胃癌MMP-2的表达量明显高于早期胃癌, 有淋巴结转移和远处转移者明显高于非转移的胃癌患者, 提示MMP系列不仅在胃癌侵袭及转移过程中发挥重要的作用且与胃癌的预后密切有关. 单一MMP-2或CD44v9与原发性肝癌, 乳腺癌、结肠癌等[26-31]的侵袭和转移性的关系已有报道, 但有关MMP-2和CD44v9同时与胃癌侵袭和转移性的关系比较研究未见报道, 我们发现MMP-2表达与CD44v9表达呈正相关, 并且MMP-2和CD44v9均阳性表达的胃癌患者发生淋巴结转移的可能性大, 尤其当癌组织MMP-2表达高于癌旁组织时, 再加CD44v9表达明显升高, 提示肿瘤转移. 有人认为肿瘤细胞首先通过已存在的或新形成的结合位点与细胞外基质黏附、结合, 进而溶解细胞外基质, 最后经细胞外基质的缺损处向外侵袭和转移[32-35].
总之, 到目前为止, 了解肿瘤有无侵袭和转移, 除了手术观察和有无淋巴结及远处转移外, 还没有其他更可靠的预后因子, 因此, 可将MMP-2和CD44v9作为胃癌侵袭转移性的标志物, 这将为研究使用肿瘤侵袭转移的抑制剂打下理论基础.
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