Copyright
©The Author(s) 2003.
World J Gastroenterol. Oct 15, 2003; 9(10): 2328-2331
Published online Oct 15, 2003. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i10.2328
Published online Oct 15, 2003. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i10.2328
Cases | Control | |
n = 51 | n = 102 | |
Sex | ||
Male | 27 (53) | 58 (57) |
Female | 24 (47) | 44 (43) |
Age in years (yrs) | ||
Range: | 21-77 | 19-74 |
Mean ± SD | 52.9 ± 14.6 | 50.08 ± 12.64 |
No: % of In-patients | 34 (64) | 58 (54) |
Risk factors for candida esophagitis | ||
Steroid therapy | 15 (29.4%) | 6 (5.8%) |
Diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2 | 14 (27.4%) | 5 (4.9%) |
Carcinoma | 10 (19.6%) | 3 (2.9%) |
(e.g. breast, gastric, esophagus) | ||
Broad spectrum antibiotics | 8 (15.6%) | 4 (3.9%) |
Chronic liver disease | 2 (3.9%) | 6 (5.8%) |
Tuberculosis | 2 (3.9%) | 1 (0.9%) |
Ischemic heart disease | - | 26 (25.4%) |
Peptic ulcer disease | - | 26 (25.4%) |
Hypertension | - | 20 (19.6%) |
Chronic anemia | - | 2 (1.9%) |
Arthritis | - | 1 (0.9%) |
Primary Infertility | - | 1 (0.9%) |
Osteoporosis | - | 1 (0.9%) |
Clinical symptoms | ||
Retrosternal discomfort | 20 (39.3%) | 31 (30.3%) |
Dysphagia | 13 (25.4%) | 20 (19.7%) |
Epigastric symptoms | 18 (35.3%) | 51 (50%) |
Endoscopic grading | ||
Grade 1 | 9 | |
Grade 2 | 19 | |
Grade 3 | 10 | |
Grade 4 | 13 | |
Treatment | ||
Nystatin | 84.3% (43/51) | |
Fluconazole | 15.7% (8/51) |
Variable | No. of cases (%) | No. of control (%) | Odd ratio (95%CI) | P value |
Carcinoma | 10 (19.6%) | 3 (2.9%) | 8.05 (1.91-47.1) | 0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus | 14 (27.4%) | 5 (4.9%) | 7.34 (2.26-27.5) | 0.001 |
Prior use of steroid | 15 (29.4%) | 6 (5.8%) | 6.67 (2.20-22.3) | 0.001 |
Prior use of antibiotics | 8 (15.6%) | 4 (3.9%) | 4.55 (1.14-21.5) | 0.02 |
Association | Cases (n = 17) |
Steroids | 6 |
Antibiotics | 6 |
Malignancy | 3 |
Diabetes mellitus | 1 |
Chronic liver disease | 1 |
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Citation: Yakoob J, Jafri W, Abid S, Jafri N, Islam M, Hamid S, Shah HA, Hussainy AS.
Candida esophagitis: Risk factors in non-HIV population in Pakistan. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9(10): 2328-2331 - URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v9/i10/2328.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v9.i10.2328