Retrospective Cohort Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastroenterol. Jun 7, 2025; 31(21): 106939
Published online Jun 7, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i21.106939
Table 1 Baseline characteristics and treatment details of patients in the matched cohort, n (%)
Characteristics
Levels
Control group (n = 77)
Experiment group (n = 26)
P value
Age> 6033 (42.9)12 (46.2)0.949
≤ 6044 (57.1)14 (53.8)
GenderMale55 (71.4)18 (69.2)1.000
Female22 (28.6)8 (30.8)
ECOG0-169 (89.6)22 (84.6)0.739
28 (10.4)4 (15.4)
Primary tumor locationRight colon20 (26)9 (34.6)0.552
Left colon and rectum57 (74)17 (65.4)
Primary tumor surgeryNo15 (19.5)3 (11.5)0.533
Yes62 (80.5)23 (88.5)
Number of metastatic organs126 (33.8)8 (30.8)0.968
≥ 251 (66.2)18 (69.2)
Liver metastasisNo19 (24.7)8 (30.8)0.724
Yes58 (75.3)18 (69.2)
Lung metastasisNo41 (53.2)11 (42.3)0.461
Yes36 (46.8)15 (57.7)
RAS mutation typeUnknown15 (19.5)5 (19.2)0.872
Wild-type12 (15.6)3 (11.5)
Mutation50 (64.9)18 (69.2)
Table 2 Comparison of short-term efficacy between two groups of microsatellite stable metastatic colorectal cancer
Group
Number
PR
SD
PD
DCR (%)
Control group777343657.14
Experimental group26317676.92
χ2 value--2.7063.5853.5847
P value-0.7110.10.0580.058
Table 3 Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis of the effect of prognostic factors in the original cohort, n (%)
Dependent: Survival (PFS/30, status)
All patients (n = 131)
HR (univariable)
HR (multivariable)
GenderMale76 (58.0)--
Female55 (42.0)0.87 (0.60-1.26, P = 0.458)-
Age> 6066 (50.4)--
≤ 6065 (49.6)0.73 (0.50-1.07, P = 0.110)-
ECOG0-1116 (88.5)--
215 (11.5)1.34 (0.73-2.47, P = 0.340)-
Number of metastatic organs155 (42.0)--
≥ 276 (58.0)1.96 (1.32-2.90, P < 0.001)1.90 (1.27-2.84, P = 0.002)
Primary tumor locationRight colon32 (24.4)--
Left colon and rectum99 (75.6)0.92 (0.61-1.40, P = 0.697)-
Liver metastasisNo46 (35.1)--
Yes85 (64.9)1.57 (1.04-2.36, P = 0.032)1.28 (0.84-1.96, P = 0.254)
Lung metastasisNo70 (53.4)--
Yes61 (46.6)1.23 (0.85-1.78, P = 0.274)-
RAS mutation typeUnknown25 (19.1)--
Wild type20 (15.3)0.97 (0.51-1.85, P = 0.930)-
Mutation86 (65.6)1.37 (0.84-2.24, P = 0.202)-
GroupControl group105 (80.2)--
Experimental group26 (19.8)0.51 (0.31-0.82, P = 0.006)0.49 (0.30-0.80, P = 0.004)
Table 4 Treatment-emergent adverse events in the 103 patients of the matched dataset, n (%)
ToxicitiesExperimental group (n = 26)
Control group (n = 77)
P value for grade 1-2P value for grade 3-4
Grade 0
Grade 1-2
Grade 3-4
Grade 0
Grade 1-2
Grade 3-4
Anemia8 (30.8)15 (57.7)3 (11.5)47 (61.0)29 (37.7)1 (1.3)0.1197a0.2451b
Neutropenia18 (69.2)7 (26.9)1 (3.8)58 (75.3)14 (18.2)5 (6.5)0.4996a1b
Leukocytopenia14 (53.8)11 (42.3)1 (3.8)55 (71.4)18 (23.4)4 (5.2)0.1088a0.3667b
Thrombocytopenia17 (65.4)9 (34.6)0 (0.0)62 (80.5)15 (19.5)0 (0.0)0.1902a1b
Proteinuria21 (80.8)5 (19.2)0 (0.0)70 (90.9)7 (9.1)0 (0.0)0.2984a1b
Aspartate transaminase increased18 (69.2)7 (26.9)1 (3.8)56 (72.7)20 (26.0)1 (1.3)1a1b
Alanine transaminase increased20 (76.9)5 (19.2)1 (3.8)65 (84.4)12 (15.6)0 (0.0)0.8985a1b
Alkaline phosphatase increased21 (80.8)5 (19.2)0 (0.0)69 (89.6)7 (9.1)1 (1.3)0.1732b1b
Blood bilirubin increased20 (76.9)5 (19.2)1 (3.8)61 (79.2)16 (20.8)0 (0.0)1a1b
Triglycerides increased20 (76.9)4 (15.4)2 (7.7)67 (87.0)10 (13.0)0 (0.0)0.7475b0.4967 b
Nausea18 (69.2)8 (30.8)0 (0.0)47 (61.0)30 (39.0)0 (0.0)0.6076a1b
Vomiting19 (73.1)7 (26.9)0 (0.0)61 (79.2)16 (20.8)0 (0.0)0.7054a1b
Fatigue18 (69.2)8 (30.8)0 (0.0)68 (88.3)9 (11.7)0 (0.0)0.0332b1b
Fever24 (92.3)2 (7.7)0 (0.0)73 (94.8)4 (5.2)0 (0.0)0.6407b1b
Diarrhea24 (92.3)1 (3.8)1 (3.8)71 (92.2)6 (7.8)0 (0.0)0.6759b1b
Peripheral neurotoxicity25 (96.2)1 (3.8)0 (0.0)77 (100.0)0 (0.0)0 (0.0)0.2524b1b
Hand-foot syndrome23 (88.5)3 (11.5)0 (0.0)73 (94.8)4 (5.2)0 (0.0)0.3648b1b
Hypertension24 (92.3)1 (3.8)1 (3.8)72 (93.5)4 (5.2)1 (1.3)1b1b
Table 5 Baseline hematological prognostic indicators markers for patients receiving chemotherapy combined with bevacizumab and anti-programmed death 1immunotherapy, mean ± SD
Characteristics
Stats
Normal range
Height (cm)168.3 ± 8.0140-190
Weight (kg)67.7 ± 12.040-100
ALLC (109/L)6.0 ± 1.93.5-9.5
RDW (%)15.2 ± 3.811.6-14.8
PLT (109/L)178.2 ± 63.7125-350
ANC (109/L)4.1 ± 1.41.8-6.3
ALC (109/L)1.4 ± 0.51.1-3.2
AMC (109/L)0.4 ± 0.10.1-0.6
AEC (109/L)0.2 ± 0.20.02-0.52
ALB (g/L)41.4 ± 4.040-55
LDH (IU/L)240.0 ± 154.9109-245
FIB (g/L)3.6 ± 0.72-4
Dimer (ng/ml)257.3 ± 647.30-500
CEA (ng/mL), n (%)6 (24.0%)0-5
19 (76.0%)-
CA199 (IU/mL), n (%)13 (52.0%)0-37
12 (48.0%)-
Table 6 Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis of prognostic factors in microsatellite stable metastatic colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy combined with bevacizumab and anti-programmed death 1 immunotherapy
Dependent: Survival (PFS/30, status)
All
HR (univariable)
HR (multivariable)
Age> 6011 (44.0)--
≤ 6014 (56.0)0.20 (0.07-0.62, P = 0.005)0.27 (0.05-1.48, P = 0.133)
GenderMale18 (72.0)--
Female7 (28.0)1.01 (0.40-2.54, P = 0.979)-
ECOG121 (84.0)--
24 (16.0)1.01 (0.23-4.55, P = 0.985)-
LocationRight colon9 (36.0)--
Left colon and rectum16 (64.0)0.73 (0.31-1.74, P = 0.477)-
Liver metastasisNo7 (28.0)--
Yes18 (72.0)5.23 (1.48-18.50, P = 0.010)8.15 (1.39-47.83, P = 0.020)
Lung metastasisNo10 (40.0)--
Yes15 (60.0)0.62 (0.25-1.51, P = 0.291)-
RAS mutation typeUnknown5 (20.0)--
Wild type3 (12.0)0.75 (0.13-4.20, P = 0.742)-
Mutation17 (68.0)2.30 (0.74-7.14, P = 0.151)-
CEANormal6 (24.0)--
Abnormal19 (76.0)0.59 (0.21-1.67, P = 0.316)-
CA199Normal13 (52.0)--
Abnormal12 (48.0)3.16 (1.12-8.88, P = 0.029)1.06 (0.23-4.90, P = 0.942)
NLR≤ 2.913 (52.0)--
> 2.912 (48.0)1.45 (0.60-3.55, P = 0.410)-
LMR≤ 3.6313 (52.0)--
> 3.6312 (48.0)0.57 (0.23-1.39, P = 0.216)-
PLR≤ 12113 (52.0)--
> 12112 (48.0)1.43 (0.58-3.48, P = 0.436)-
BMI≤ 24.912 (48.0)--
> 24.913 (52.0)1.02 (0.43-2.42, P = 0.963)-
ALI≤ 260.913 (52.0)--
> 260.912 (48.0)0.30 (0.10-0.85, P = 0.023)0.50 (0.15-1.64, P = 0.252)
SII≤ 426.813 (52.0)--
> 426.812 (48.0)1.74 (0.72-4.25, P = 0.220)-
ALLC≤ 6.013 (52.0)--
> 6.012 (48.0)1.31 (0.53-3.20, P = 0.559)-
ANC≤ 4.113 (52.0)--
> 4.112 (48.0)1.31 (0.53-3.20, P = 0.559)-
ALC≤ 1.413 (52.0)--
> 1.412 (48.0)0.61 (0.25-1.50, P = 0.285)-
AMC≤ 0.413 (52.0)--
> 0.412 (48.0)0.71 (0.28-1.82, P = 0.473)-
AEC≤ 0.213 (52.0)--
> 0.212 (48.0)1.59 (0.65-3.89, P = 0.309)-
RDW≤ 15.213 (52.0)--
> 15.212 (48.0)1.04 (0.42-2.57, P = 0.938)-
LDH≤ 240.013 (52.0)--
> 240.012 (48.0)3.09 (1.16-8.22, P = 0.024)5.72 (1.58-20.72, P = 0.008)