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©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastroenterol. Jun 7, 2025; 31(21): 106939
Published online Jun 7, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i21.106939
Published online Jun 7, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i21.106939
Table 1 Baseline characteristics and treatment details of patients in the matched cohort, n (%)
Characteristics | Levels | Control group (n = 77) | Experiment group (n = 26) | P value |
Age | > 60 | 33 (42.9) | 12 (46.2) | 0.949 |
≤ 60 | 44 (57.1) | 14 (53.8) | ||
Gender | Male | 55 (71.4) | 18 (69.2) | 1.000 |
Female | 22 (28.6) | 8 (30.8) | ||
ECOG | 0-1 | 69 (89.6) | 22 (84.6) | 0.739 |
2 | 8 (10.4) | 4 (15.4) | ||
Primary tumor location | Right colon | 20 (26) | 9 (34.6) | 0.552 |
Left colon and rectum | 57 (74) | 17 (65.4) | ||
Primary tumor surgery | No | 15 (19.5) | 3 (11.5) | 0.533 |
Yes | 62 (80.5) | 23 (88.5) | ||
Number of metastatic organs | 1 | 26 (33.8) | 8 (30.8) | 0.968 |
≥ 2 | 51 (66.2) | 18 (69.2) | ||
Liver metastasis | No | 19 (24.7) | 8 (30.8) | 0.724 |
Yes | 58 (75.3) | 18 (69.2) | ||
Lung metastasis | No | 41 (53.2) | 11 (42.3) | 0.461 |
Yes | 36 (46.8) | 15 (57.7) | ||
RAS mutation type | Unknown | 15 (19.5) | 5 (19.2) | 0.872 |
Wild-type | 12 (15.6) | 3 (11.5) | ||
Mutation | 50 (64.9) | 18 (69.2) |
Table 2 Comparison of short-term efficacy between two groups of microsatellite stable metastatic colorectal cancer
Group | Number | PR | SD | PD | DCR (%) |
Control group | 77 | 7 | 34 | 36 | 57.14 |
Experimental group | 26 | 3 | 17 | 6 | 76.92 |
χ2 value | - | - | 2.706 | 3.585 | 3.5847 |
P value | - | 0.711 | 0.1 | 0.058 | 0.058 |
Table 3 Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis of the effect of prognostic factors in the original cohort, n (%)
Dependent: Survival (PFS/30, status) | All patients (n = 131) | HR (univariable) | HR (multivariable) | |
Gender | Male | 76 (58.0) | - | - |
Female | 55 (42.0) | 0.87 (0.60-1.26, P = 0.458) | - | |
Age | > 60 | 66 (50.4) | - | - |
≤ 60 | 65 (49.6) | 0.73 (0.50-1.07, P = 0.110) | - | |
ECOG | 0-1 | 116 (88.5) | - | - |
2 | 15 (11.5) | 1.34 (0.73-2.47, P = 0.340) | - | |
Number of metastatic organs | 1 | 55 (42.0) | - | - |
≥ 2 | 76 (58.0) | 1.96 (1.32-2.90, P < 0.001) | 1.90 (1.27-2.84, P = 0.002) | |
Primary tumor location | Right colon | 32 (24.4) | - | - |
Left colon and rectum | 99 (75.6) | 0.92 (0.61-1.40, P = 0.697) | - | |
Liver metastasis | No | 46 (35.1) | - | - |
Yes | 85 (64.9) | 1.57 (1.04-2.36, P = 0.032) | 1.28 (0.84-1.96, P = 0.254) | |
Lung metastasis | No | 70 (53.4) | - | - |
Yes | 61 (46.6) | 1.23 (0.85-1.78, P = 0.274) | - | |
RAS mutation type | Unknown | 25 (19.1) | - | - |
Wild type | 20 (15.3) | 0.97 (0.51-1.85, P = 0.930) | - | |
Mutation | 86 (65.6) | 1.37 (0.84-2.24, P = 0.202) | - | |
Group | Control group | 105 (80.2) | - | - |
Experimental group | 26 (19.8) | 0.51 (0.31-0.82, P = 0.006) | 0.49 (0.30-0.80, P = 0.004) |
Table 4 Treatment-emergent adverse events in the 103 patients of the matched dataset, n (%)
Toxicities | Experimental group (n = 26) | Control group (n = 77) | P value for grade 1-2 | P value for grade 3-4 | ||||
Grade 0 | Grade 1-2 | Grade 3-4 | Grade 0 | Grade 1-2 | Grade 3-4 | |||
Anemia | 8 (30.8) | 15 (57.7) | 3 (11.5) | 47 (61.0) | 29 (37.7) | 1 (1.3) | 0.1197a | 0.2451b |
Neutropenia | 18 (69.2) | 7 (26.9) | 1 (3.8) | 58 (75.3) | 14 (18.2) | 5 (6.5) | 0.4996a | 1b |
Leukocytopenia | 14 (53.8) | 11 (42.3) | 1 (3.8) | 55 (71.4) | 18 (23.4) | 4 (5.2) | 0.1088a | 0.3667b |
Thrombocytopenia | 17 (65.4) | 9 (34.6) | 0 (0.0) | 62 (80.5) | 15 (19.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.1902a | 1b |
Proteinuria | 21 (80.8) | 5 (19.2) | 0 (0.0) | 70 (90.9) | 7 (9.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0.2984a | 1b |
Aspartate transaminase increased | 18 (69.2) | 7 (26.9) | 1 (3.8) | 56 (72.7) | 20 (26.0) | 1 (1.3) | 1a | 1b |
Alanine transaminase increased | 20 (76.9) | 5 (19.2) | 1 (3.8) | 65 (84.4) | 12 (15.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0.8985a | 1b |
Alkaline phosphatase increased | 21 (80.8) | 5 (19.2) | 0 (0.0) | 69 (89.6) | 7 (9.1) | 1 (1.3) | 0.1732b | 1b |
Blood bilirubin increased | 20 (76.9) | 5 (19.2) | 1 (3.8) | 61 (79.2) | 16 (20.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1a | 1b |
Triglycerides increased | 20 (76.9) | 4 (15.4) | 2 (7.7) | 67 (87.0) | 10 (13.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.7475b | 0.4967 b |
Nausea | 18 (69.2) | 8 (30.8) | 0 (0.0) | 47 (61.0) | 30 (39.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.6076a | 1b |
Vomiting | 19 (73.1) | 7 (26.9) | 0 (0.0) | 61 (79.2) | 16 (20.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0.7054a | 1b |
Fatigue | 18 (69.2) | 8 (30.8) | 0 (0.0) | 68 (88.3) | 9 (11.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0.0332b | 1b |
Fever | 24 (92.3) | 2 (7.7) | 0 (0.0) | 73 (94.8) | 4 (5.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0.6407b | 1b |
Diarrhea | 24 (92.3) | 1 (3.8) | 1 (3.8) | 71 (92.2) | 6 (7.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0.6759b | 1b |
Peripheral neurotoxicity | 25 (96.2) | 1 (3.8) | 0 (0.0) | 77 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.2524b | 1b |
Hand-foot syndrome | 23 (88.5) | 3 (11.5) | 0 (0.0) | 73 (94.8) | 4 (5.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0.3648b | 1b |
Hypertension | 24 (92.3) | 1 (3.8) | 1 (3.8) | 72 (93.5) | 4 (5.2) | 1 (1.3) | 1b | 1b |
Table 5 Baseline hematological prognostic indicators markers for patients receiving chemotherapy combined with bevacizumab and anti-programmed death 1immunotherapy, mean ± SD
Characteristics | Stats | Normal range |
Height (cm) | 168.3 ± 8.0 | 140-190 |
Weight (kg) | 67.7 ± 12.0 | 40-100 |
ALLC (109/L) | 6.0 ± 1.9 | 3.5-9.5 |
RDW (%) | 15.2 ± 3.8 | 11.6-14.8 |
PLT (109/L) | 178.2 ± 63.7 | 125-350 |
ANC (109/L) | 4.1 ± 1.4 | 1.8-6.3 |
ALC (109/L) | 1.4 ± 0.5 | 1.1-3.2 |
AMC (109/L) | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.1-0.6 |
AEC (109/L) | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.02-0.52 |
ALB (g/L) | 41.4 ± 4.0 | 40-55 |
LDH (IU/L) | 240.0 ± 154.9 | 109-245 |
FIB (g/L) | 3.6 ± 0.7 | 2-4 |
Dimer (ng/ml) | 257.3 ± 647.3 | 0-500 |
CEA (ng/mL), n (%) | 6 (24.0%) | 0-5 |
19 (76.0%) | - | |
CA199 (IU/mL), n (%) | 13 (52.0%) | 0-37 |
12 (48.0%) | - |
Table 6 Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis of prognostic factors in microsatellite stable metastatic colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy combined with bevacizumab and anti-programmed death 1 immunotherapy
Dependent: Survival (PFS/30, status) | All | HR (univariable) | HR (multivariable) | |
Age | > 60 | 11 (44.0) | - | - |
≤ 60 | 14 (56.0) | 0.20 (0.07-0.62, P = 0.005) | 0.27 (0.05-1.48, P = 0.133) | |
Gender | Male | 18 (72.0) | - | - |
Female | 7 (28.0) | 1.01 (0.40-2.54, P = 0.979) | - | |
ECOG | 1 | 21 (84.0) | - | - |
2 | 4 (16.0) | 1.01 (0.23-4.55, P = 0.985) | - | |
Location | Right colon | 9 (36.0) | - | - |
Left colon and rectum | 16 (64.0) | 0.73 (0.31-1.74, P = 0.477) | - | |
Liver metastasis | No | 7 (28.0) | - | - |
Yes | 18 (72.0) | 5.23 (1.48-18.50, P = 0.010) | 8.15 (1.39-47.83, P = 0.020) | |
Lung metastasis | No | 10 (40.0) | - | - |
Yes | 15 (60.0) | 0.62 (0.25-1.51, P = 0.291) | - | |
RAS mutation type | Unknown | 5 (20.0) | - | - |
Wild type | 3 (12.0) | 0.75 (0.13-4.20, P = 0.742) | - | |
Mutation | 17 (68.0) | 2.30 (0.74-7.14, P = 0.151) | - | |
CEA | Normal | 6 (24.0) | - | - |
Abnormal | 19 (76.0) | 0.59 (0.21-1.67, P = 0.316) | - | |
CA199 | Normal | 13 (52.0) | - | - |
Abnormal | 12 (48.0) | 3.16 (1.12-8.88, P = 0.029) | 1.06 (0.23-4.90, P = 0.942) | |
NLR | ≤ 2.9 | 13 (52.0) | - | - |
> 2.9 | 12 (48.0) | 1.45 (0.60-3.55, P = 0.410) | - | |
LMR | ≤ 3.63 | 13 (52.0) | - | - |
> 3.63 | 12 (48.0) | 0.57 (0.23-1.39, P = 0.216) | - | |
PLR | ≤ 121 | 13 (52.0) | - | - |
> 121 | 12 (48.0) | 1.43 (0.58-3.48, P = 0.436) | - | |
BMI | ≤ 24.9 | 12 (48.0) | - | - |
> 24.9 | 13 (52.0) | 1.02 (0.43-2.42, P = 0.963) | - | |
ALI | ≤ 260.9 | 13 (52.0) | - | - |
> 260.9 | 12 (48.0) | 0.30 (0.10-0.85, P = 0.023) | 0.50 (0.15-1.64, P = 0.252) | |
SII | ≤ 426.8 | 13 (52.0) | - | - |
> 426.8 | 12 (48.0) | 1.74 (0.72-4.25, P = 0.220) | - | |
ALLC | ≤ 6.0 | 13 (52.0) | - | - |
> 6.0 | 12 (48.0) | 1.31 (0.53-3.20, P = 0.559) | - | |
ANC | ≤ 4.1 | 13 (52.0) | - | - |
> 4.1 | 12 (48.0) | 1.31 (0.53-3.20, P = 0.559) | - | |
ALC | ≤ 1.4 | 13 (52.0) | - | - |
> 1.4 | 12 (48.0) | 0.61 (0.25-1.50, P = 0.285) | - | |
AMC | ≤ 0.4 | 13 (52.0) | - | - |
> 0.4 | 12 (48.0) | 0.71 (0.28-1.82, P = 0.473) | - | |
AEC | ≤ 0.2 | 13 (52.0) | - | - |
> 0.2 | 12 (48.0) | 1.59 (0.65-3.89, P = 0.309) | - | |
RDW | ≤ 15.2 | 13 (52.0) | - | - |
> 15.2 | 12 (48.0) | 1.04 (0.42-2.57, P = 0.938) | - | |
LDH | ≤ 240.0 | 13 (52.0) | - | - |
> 240.0 | 12 (48.0) | 3.09 (1.16-8.22, P = 0.024) | 5.72 (1.58-20.72, P = 0.008) |
- Citation: Gao Z, Wang XY, Shen ZG, Liu JH, Wang XY, Wu SK, Jin X. Chemotherapy plus bevacizumab with or without anti-programmed death 1 immunotherapy as the second-line therapy in colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(21): 106939
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v31/i21/106939.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v31.i21.106939