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©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastroenterol. Mar 14, 2025; 31(10): 103716
Published online Mar 14, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i10.103716
Published online Mar 14, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i10.103716
Table 1 Baseline demographics, mean ± SD/n (%)
| Variables | Total (n = 1310) | Screening (n = 264) | Validation (n = 1046) | P value |
| MASLD | 577 (44.0) | 133 (50.4) | 444 (42.4) | |
| Age (years) | 48.6 ± 13.1 | 47.8 ± 12.3 | 48.8 ± 13.3 | 0.238 |
| Sex (male) | 617 (47.2) | 157 (59.5) | 460 (44.1) | 8.4 × 10-6 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.5 ± 3.8 | 24.3 ± 3.9 | 24.5 ± 3.8 | 0.545 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 81.6 ± 10.5 | 83.2 ± 11.2 | 81.2 ± 10.2 | 0.017 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 96.2 ± 7.4 | 96.5 ± 7.7 | 96.1 ± 7.4 | 0.483 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 95.1 ± 29.4 | 98.1 ± 26.9 | 94.3 ± 30.0 | 0.063 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 196.7 ± 38.6 | 185.5 ± 31.3 | 199.5 ± 39.7 | 1.6 × 10-9 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 130.8 ± 97.1 | 127.4 ± 77.3 | 131.6 ± 101.5 | 0.530 |
| High density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 56.7 ± 14.2 | 55.4 ± 13.1 | 57.0 ± 14.5 | 0.086 |
| Low density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 126.1 ± 35.6 | 125.0 ± 35.1 | 126.4 ± 35.7 | 0.569 |
| AST ULN ratio | 0.58 ± 0.29 | 0.73 ± 0.27 | 0.54 ± 0.28 | 1.1 × 10-22 |
| ALT ULN ratio | 0.58 ± 0.41 | 0.73 ± 0.52 | 0.55 ± 0.37 | 9.0 × 10-8 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 74 (5.8) | 18 (6.9) | 56 (5.6) | 0.410 |
| Hypertension | 213 (16.7) | 42 (16.2) | 171 (16.9) | 0.798 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 142 (12.0) | 34 (13.4) | 108 (11.7) | 0.455 |
Table 2 The association between mt12361 and steatotic liver disease
| CMRF | Screening | Validation | All | ||||||||||||
| mt12361 | χ2 | Trend test | mt12361 | χ2 | Trend test | mt12361 | χ2 | Trend test | |||||||
| A (%) | G (%) | P value | OR (95%CI) | P value | A (%) | G (%) | P value | OR (95%CI) | P value | A (%) | G (%) | P value | OR (95%CI) | P value | |
| 4-5 | 35 (85.4) | 6 (14.6) | 0.001 | 13.37 (2.59-69.05) | 1.5 × 10-4 | 102 (97.1) | 3 (2.9) | 0.445 | 1.60 (0.44-5.76) | 0.165 | 137 (93.8) | 9 (6.2) | 0.001 | 3.79 (1.61-8.93) | 1.7 × 10-4 |
| 2-3 | 57 (89.1) | 7 (10.9) | 0.003 | 9.58 (1.93-47.47) | 212 (95.9) | 9 (4.1) | 0.055 | 2.31 (0.96-5.55) | 269 (94.4) | 16 (5.6) | 4.6 × 10-4 | 3.43 (1.65-7.13) | |||
| 0-1 | 156 (98.7) | 2 (1.3) | Ref. | Ref. | 652 (98.2) | 12 (1.8) | Ref. | Ref. | 808 (98.3) | 14 (1.7) | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| 3-5 | 62 (84.9) | 11 (15.1) | 3.0 × 10-4 | 11.36 (2.44-52.80) | 1.3 × 10-4 | 198 (97.5) | 5 (2.5) | 0.637 | 1.29 (0.44-3.77) | 0.441 | 260 (94.2) | 16 (5.8) | 0.001 | 3.27 (1.55-6.89) | 0.001 |
| 1-2 | 58 (96.7) | 2 (3.3) | 0.592 | 2.21 (0.30-16.05) | 205 (96.2) | 8 (3.8) | 0.135 | 2.00 (0.79-5.04) | 263 (96.3) | 10 (3.7) | 0.093 | 2.02 (0.88-4.67) | |||
| 0 | 128 (98.5) | 2 (1.5) | Ref. | Ref. | 563 (98.1) | 11 (1.9) | Ref. | Ref. | 691 (98.2) | 13 (1.8) | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| 3-5 | 62 (84.9) | 11 (15.1) | 2.1 × 10-4 | 8.25 (2.54-26.85) | 5.1 × 10-5 | 198 (97.5) | 5 (2.5) | 0.968 | 1.02 (0.38-2.77) | 0.968 | 260 (94.2) | 16 (5.8) | 3.6 × 10-3 | 2.55 (1.33-4.90) | 0.004 |
| 0-2 | 186 (97.9) | 4 (2.1) | Ref. | Ref. | 768 (97.6) | 19 (2.4) | Ref. | Ref. | 954 (97.6) | 23 (2.4) | Ref. | Ref. | |||
Table 3 Multivariate logistic regression analysis for the association between mt12361A>G and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in the overall dataset, mean ± SD/n (%)
| Univariate | Multivariate | |||||
| MASLD | Control | P value | OR | 95%CI | P value | |
| n (%) | 577 (44.0) | 733 (56.0) | ||||
| Age (years) | 49.7 ± 12.1 | 47.7 ± 13.9 | 0.005 | 1.02 | 1.01-1.03 | 0.001 |
| Sex (male) | 340 (59.0) | 277 (37.9) | 3.5 × 10-14 | 1.54 | 1.19-1.99 | 9.3 × 10-4 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 200.4 ± 38.5 | 193.8 ± 38.4 | 0.002 | 0.99 | 0.99-1.00 | 4.9 × 10-4 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 133.7 ± 36.1 | 120.2 ± 34.0 | 1.0 × 10-11 | 1.02 | 1.01-1.02 | 2.3 × 10-8 |
| AST ULN ratio | 0.61 ± 0.28 | 0.55 ± 0.29 | 2.7 × 10-4 | 0.15 | 0.06-0.40 | 1.4 × 10-4 |
| ALT ULN ratio | 0.70 ± 0.46 | 0.49 ± 0.35 | 1.1 × 10-17 | 11.43 | 5.88-22.22 | 6.7 × 10-13 |
| mt12361A>G | 26 (4.7) | 13 (1.8) | 0.003 | 2.54 | 1.19-5.43 | 0.016 |
Table 4 The association between mt12361 and steatotic liver disease in the diabetes and non-diabetic subgroups
| CMRF | Diabetes | Non-diabetes | ||||||||
| mt12361 | χ2 | Trend test | mt12361 | χ2 | Trend test | |||||
| A (%) | G (%) | P value | OR (95%CI) | P value | A (%) | G (%) | P value | OR (95%CI) | P value | |
| 4-5 | 28 (96.6) | 1 (3.4) | 1.000 | 1.11 (0.07-18.55) | 0.926 | 103 (92.8) | 8 (7.2) | 1.8 × 10-4 | 4.93 (1.97-12.35) | 5.3 × 10-5 |
| 2-3 | 8 (80.0) | 2 (20.0) | 0.136 | 7.75 (0.62-96.63) | 245 (95.0) | 13 (5.0) | 1.6 × 10-3 | 3.37 (1.52-7.48) | ||
| 0-1 | 31 (96.9) | 1 (3.1) | Ref. | Ref. | 762 (98.4) | 12 (1.6) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| 3-5 | 32 (94.1) | 2 (5.9) | 1.000 | 1.81 (0.16-21.06) | 0.676 | 212 (93.8) | 14 (6.2) | 3.9 × 10-4 | 3.90 (1.74-8.71) | 5.6 × 10-4 |
| 1-2 | 6 (85.7) | 1 (14.3) | 0.347 | 4.83 (0.26-88.53) | 249 (96.9) | 8 (3.1) | 0.167 | 1.90 (0.75-4.77) | ||
| 0 | 29 (96.7) | 1 (3.3) | Ref. | Ref. | 649 (98.3) | 11 (1.7) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| 3-5 | 32 (94.1) | 2 (5.9) | 1.000 | 1.09 (0.15-8.23) | 0.931 | 212 (93.8) | 14 (6.2) | 9.2 × 10-4 | 3.12 (1.54-6.33) | 9.2 × 10-4 |
| 0-2 | 35 (94.6) | 2 (5.4) | Ref. | Ref. | 898 (97.9) | 19 (2.1) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Table 5 Multivariate logistic regression analysis for the association between mt12361A>G and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease among the non-diabetic subgroup, mean ± SD/n (%)
| Univariate | Multivariate | |||||
| MASLD | Control | P value | OR | 95%CI | P value | |
| n (%) | 508 (42.5) | 687 (57.5) | ||||
| Age (years) | 49.1 ± 11.9 | 47.0 ± 13.7 | 0.005 | 1.02 | 1.01-1.03 | 0.002 |
| Sex (male) | 293 (57.8) | 256 (37.4) | 2.7 × 10-12 | 1.47 | 1.12-1.93 | 0.005 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 199.7 ± 37.6 | 193.5 ± 37.7 | 0.005 | 0.99 | 0.98-1.00 | 5.7 × 10-4 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 133.3 ± 35.6 | 120.2 ± 33.9 | 2.0 × 10-10 | 1.02 | 1.01-1.02 | 2.3 × 10-7 |
| AST ULN ratio | 0.61 ± 0.28 | 0.55 ± 0.30 | 4.3 × 10-4 | 0.17 | 0.06-0.48 | 0.001 |
| ALT ULN ratio | 0.69 ± 0.46 | 0.49 ± 0.35 | 9.4 × 10-16 | 10.77 | 5.34-21.71 | 3.2 × 10-11 |
| mt12361A>G | 22 (4.6) | 11 (1.7) | 0.004 | 2.80 | 1.22-6.41 | 0.015 |
Table 6 Performance of the artificial intelligence models
| Algorithm | AUC | Accuracy | F1 | Precision | Recall |
| Training | |||||
| Random forest | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| XGBoost | 0.970 | 0.918 | 0.918 | 0.919 | 0.918 |
| Naive Bayes | 0.824 | 0.747 | 0.748 | 0.757 | 0.747 |
| Logistic regression | 0.817 | 0.745 | 0.744 | 0.744 | 0.745 |
| Validation | |||||
| Random forest | 0.876 | 0.802 | 0.803 | 0.807 | 0.802 |
| XGBoost | 0.861 | 0.763 | 0.764 | 0.767 | 0.763 |
| Naive Bayes | 0.849 | 0.776 | 0.777 | 0.786 | 0.776 |
| Logistic regression | 0.853 | 0.756 | 0.754 | 0.754 | 0.756 |
- Citation: Lu MY, Wei YJ, Wang CW, Liang PC, Yeh ML, Tsai YS, Tsai PC, Ko YM, Lin CC, Chen KY, Lin YH, Jang TY, Hsieh MY, Lin ZY, Huang CF, Huang JF, Dai CY, Chuang WL, Yu ML. Mitochondrial mt12361A>G increased risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease among non-diabetes. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(10): 103716
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v31/i10/103716.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v31.i10.103716