Kangfuxin solution alleviates esophageal stenosis after endoscopic submucosal dissection: A natural ingredient strategy

doi:10.3748/wjg.v31.i1.98561

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Jan 7, 2025 (publication date) through Dec 26, 2024

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Basic Study

World J Gastroenterol. Jan 7, 2025; 31(1): 98561
Published online Jan 7, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i1.98561

Table 1 Primary antibodies used in this study

Antibody name	Host	Brand, category No.	Country	Applications and dilution
Antibody name	Host	Brand, category No.	Country	Western blot	IHC	IF
ACTA2	Rabbit	Proteintech	China	1:5000	1:800	1:100
FN	Rabbit	Proteintech	China	1:1000	1:200	1:100
Collagen Ⅰ	Rabbit	Proteintech	China	1:1000	1:500	1:100
TGF-β1	Mouse	Novus	United States	1:1000	-	-
Smad2	Rabbit	CST	United States	1:1000	-	-
Smad3	Rabbit	CST	United States	1:1000	-	-
P-Smad2	Rabbit	Affinity Biotech	United States	1:1000	1:100	1:50
P-Smad3	Rabbit	Affinity Biotech	United States	1:1000	1:100	1:50
Vimentin	Rabbit	Proteintech	China	-	-	1:200
Cytokerin	Rabbit	Abcam	China	-	-	1:200
GAPDH	Rabbit	CST	United States	1:1000	-	-

ACTA2: Alpha-smooth muscle actin; FN: Fibronectin; p-Smad2/3: Phosphor-Smad2/3; IHC: Immunohistochemistry; IF: Immunofluorescence; CST: Cell signaling technology.

Table 2 Primers used in this study

Primer name	Forward 5’ to 3’	Reverse 5’ to 3’
ACTA2	TAGAACACGGCATCATCACCAACTG	TGGGGCAACACGAAGCTCATTG
FN	GTGTGGATGTCCTGCCTGTCAAC	GCTTGCTTTCCCTGCCCTGATG
Collagen I	CTCAAGATGTGCCACTCCGACTG	GTCTCGCCTGTCTCCATGTTGC
TGF-β1	GACCGCAACAACGCAATCTATGAC	GGCACTGCTTCCCGAATGTCTG
Smad2	ATGTCGTCCATCTTGCCATTCACTC	TGCTTTCTCACACCACTTCTCTTCC
Smad3	TGTCGTCCATCCTGCCCTTCAC	ACTTCTCCTCCTGCCCGTTCTG
GAPDH	ATGATTCCACCCACGGCAAGTTC	AGCACCAGCATCACCCCATTTG

ACTA2: Alpha-smooth muscle actin; FN: Fibronectin; TGF-β1: Transforming growth factor.

Table 3 Summary of statistical results for the Control, Kangfuxin solution-treated, and PDNN-treated groups

	Control	KFX	PDNN	P value
Weight loss, kg	4.08 ± 0.69	1.98 ± 0.79^b	2.03 ± 1.07^b	0.011
Dysphagia score	3.50 ± 0.58	1.75 ± 0.50^b	1.25 ± 0.96^a	0.004
Esophageal stricture rate	87.68 ± 1.90	59.67 ± 5.05^a	53.90 ± 6.29^a	< 0.001
Number of inflammatory cells	1976.25 ± 116.39	950.25 ± 276.92^a^,^e	1651.50 ± 153.97^c	< 0.001
Number of fibroblasts	5736.25 ± 691.56	1537.00 ± 118.89^a^,^f	710.00 ± 347.14^a	< 0.001
Fibrosis area ratio	66.20 ± 8.95	34.63 ± 3.64^a^,^f	23.47 ± 2.65^a	< 0.001
Thickness of submucosal fibrosis, um	853.93 ± 20.16	672.20 ± 28.69^a^,^d	512.83 ± 42.73^a	< 0.001

^aP < 0.001 vs the control group.

^bP < 0.01 vs the control group.

^cP < 0.05 vs the control group.

^dP < 0.001 vs the prednisolone (PDNN) group.

^eP < 0.01 vs the PDNN group.

^fP < 0.05 vs the PDNN group.

Data are presented as mean ± SE. KFX: Kangfuxin solution; PDNN: Prednisolone.

Citation: Zhou X, Ma D, He YX, Jin J, Wang HL, Wang YF, Yang F, Liu JQ, Chen J, Li Z. Kangfuxin solution alleviates esophageal stenosis after endoscopic submucosal dissection: A natural ingredient strategy. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(1): 98561
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v31/i1/98561.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v31.i1.98561