Systematic Reviews
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Gastroenterol. Feb 21, 2024; 30(7): 742-758
Published online Feb 21, 2024. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i7.742
Table 1 Methodological quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale
Ref.
Selection (/4)
Comparability (/2)
Outcome (/3)
Overall methodological quality
Ichim et al[9], 2022312Good
Minaga et al[10], 2021211Poor
Takano et al[11], 2021312Good
Ichim et al[12], 2020312Good
Facciorusso et al[13], 2021313Good
Chon et al[14], 2019312Good
Akay et al[15], 2021313Good
Chen et al[16], 2020313Good
Hollerbach et al[17], 2003312Good
Singh et al[18], 2007212Fair
tenBerge et al[19], 2002212Fair
Lee et al[20], 2015321Poor
Oh et al[21], 2018322Good
Singh et al[22], 2009312Good
Okasha et al[23], 2023312Good
Hasan et al[24], 2019213Good
Bhogal et al[25], 2020313Good
Diehl et al[26], 2015212Fair
Sundaram et al[27], 2023412Good
Saab et al[28], 2017211Poor
Sey et al[29], 2016321Poor
Shah et al[30], 2017211Poor
Sisman et al[31], 2020212Fair
Stavropoulos et al[32], 2012321Poor
Zhang et al[33], 2021312Good
Huang et al[34], 2017312Good
Ogura et al[35], 2016312Good
Tanikawa et al[36], 2023312Good
Tonozuka et al[37], 2015212Fair
Carbajo et al[38], 2019312Good
Nakaji et al[39], 2016312Good
Frost et al[40], 2018212Fair
Bhat et al[41], 2016312Good
Bick et al[42], 2019312Good
Binmoeller et al[43], 2011312Good
Bazarbashi et al[44], 2020321Poor
Mukkada et al[45], 2018312Good
Lee et al[46], 2000222Fair
Gubler et al[47], 2014212Fair
Kozieł et al[48], 2019312Good
Romero-Castro et al[49], 2013422Good
Table 2 Characteristics of studies on the role of endoscopic ultrasound in the diagnosis of liver diseases
Ref.Study designStudy locationParticipants characteristics
Diagnostic testOutcomes
Sample (n)
M/F
Age (yr)
Indication
Ichim et al[9], 2022Single-arm observational studyRomania3017/1364.3FLLEUS-FNADiagnostic accuracy: 97%
Complications: 1 patient
Minaga et al[10], 2021Retrospective studyJapan426248/17869 (63–75)FLLCEH-EUSDiagnostic accuracy: 98.4%
Takano et al[11], 2021Retrospective studyJapan10660/4668 (32–87)FLLEUS-FNADiagnostic accuracy: 96%
Complications: 1 patient
Ichim et al[12], 2020Prospective studyRomania4827/2166.3 (40–83)FLLEUS-FNADiagnostic accuracy: 98%
Complications: None
Facciorusso et al[13], 2021Retrospective studyItaly11670/46NRFLLEUS-FNBDiagnostic accuracy: 88.8%
Complications: None
Chon et al[14], 2019Retrospective studyKorea5835/2368.1 (42–86)FLLEUS-FNBDiagnostic accuracy: 89.7%
Complications: 1 patient
Akay et al[15], 2021Retrospective studyTurkey2515/1062.73 ± 15.24FLLEUS-FNADiagnostic accuracy: 86.3%
Complications: None
Gheorghiu et al[50], 2022Prospective RCTRomania3021/960 (37–84)FLLEUS-FNA and EUS-FNBDiagnostic accuracy: 100% and 86.7% for EUS-FNB and EUS-FNA, respectively
Complications: None
Chen et al[16], 2020Retrospective studyChina3835/355.7 ± 11.8FLLEUS-FNBDiagnostic accuracy: 90%
Complications: 3 patients
Hollerbach et al[17], 2003Prospective studyGermany41NR66 ± 7FLLEUS-FNADiagnostic accuracy: 94%
Complications: 2 patients
Singh et al[18], 2007Prospective studyUnited States17NR56 (43–85)FLLEUS and EUS-FNADiagnostic accuracy: 65% and 94% for EUS and EUS-FNA, respectively
Complications: None
tenBerge et al[19], 2002Retrospective study26NRNRFLLEUS-FNADiagnostic accuracy: 89%
Complications: 6 patients
Lee et al[20], 2015Retrospective studyKorea219/1263 (37–81)FLLEUS-FNBDiagnostic accuracy: 90.5%
Complications: None
Oh et al[21], 2018Prospective studyKorea3019/1166.5 (55.5–74)FLLCEH-EUS and CEH-EUS-FNADiagnostic accuracy: 80% and 86.7% for CEH-EUS and CEH-EUS-FNA, respectively
Complications: None
Singh et al[22], 2009Prospective studyUnited States131128/367 (45–86)FLLEUS and EUS-FNADiagnostic accuracy: 97% and 98% for EUS and EUS-FNA, respectively
Complications: None
Okasha et al[23], 2023Cross-sectional studyEgypt4332/1156FLLEUS and EUS-FNA/FNBDiagnostic accuracy: 94%, and 100% for EUS and EUS-FNA/FNB
Complications: None
Ching-Companioni et al[51], 2019Prospective RCTUnited States40NRNRPLDEUS-FNA and EUS-FNBDiagnostic accuracy: 100%
Complications: 13 patients
Hasan et al[24], 2019Prospective studyUnited States4014/2661 (46.7–68.2)PLDEUS-FNBDiagnostic accuracy: 100%
Complications: 9 patients
Bhogal et al[25], 2020Retrospective studyUnited States513244/269NRPLDEUS-FNA and EUS-FNBDiagnostic accuracy: 99%
Diehl et al[26], 2015Prospective studyUnited States11048/6253 (9–87)PLDEUS-FNADiagnostic accuracy: 98%
Complications: 1 patient
Sundaram et al[27], 2023Retrospective studyIndia7437/3744.5 (18–79)PLDEUS-FNADiagnostic accuracy: 97.3%
Complications: 5 patients
Saab et al[28], 2017Retrospective studyUnited States4716/3154PLDEUS-FNBDiagnostic accuracy: 100%
Complications: 2 patients
Sey et al[29], 2016Cross-sectional studyUnited States7524/5151PLDEUS-FNBDiagnostic accuracy: 82.7%
Complications: 2 patients
Shah et al[30], 2017Retrospective studyUnited States24NRNRPLDEUS-FNBDiagnostic accuracy: 96%
Complications: 2 patients
Sisman et al[31], 2020Retrospective studyTurkey4024/1644 (22–72)PLDEUS-FNBDiagnostic accuracy: 100%
Complications: 2 patients
Stavropoulos et al[32], 2012Prospective case seriesUnited States226/1661 (32–79)PLDEUS-FNADiagnostic accuracy: 91%
Complications: None
Zhang et al[33], 2021Prospective studyChina129/3NRPHEUS-PPGTechnical success rate: 91.7%
EUS-PPG correlates well with HVPG (r = 0.923)
Complications: None
Huang et al[34], 2017Prospective studyUnited States2818/1063 (30–80)PHEUS-PPGTechnical success rate: 100%
EUS-PPG correlates well with clinical parameters of PH
Complications: None
EUS: Endoscopic ultrasound; FLL: Focal liver lesions; CEH-EUS: Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound; FNA: Fine-needle aspiration; FNB: Fine-needle biopsy; NR: Not report; RCT: Randomized clinical trial; PLD: Parenchymal liver diseases; EUS-PPG: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided portal pressure gradient; PH: Portal hypertension; HVPG: Hepatic venous pressure gradient; M/F: Male/female.
Table 3 Characteristics of studies on the therapeutic role of endoscopic ultrasound
Ref.
Study design
Study location
Participant characteristics
Condition
Intervention
Outcomes
Sample (n)
M/F
Ogura et al[35], 2016Retrospective studyJapan2720/7Liver abscessEUS-ADClinical success: 100%
Technical success: 100%
Complications: None
Tanikawa et al[36], 2023Retrospective studyJapan84/4Liver abscessEUS-ADClinical success: 87.5%
Technical success: 87.5%
Tonozuka et al[37], 2015Retrospective case seriesJapanNRLiver abscessEUS-ADClinical success: 100%
Technical success: 100%
Complications: None
Carbajo et al[38], 2019Retrospective studySpain9NRLiver abscessEUS-ADClinical success: 88.9%
Technical success: 88.9%
Nakaji et al[39], 2016Retrospective studyJapan1210/2Solid liver lesionsEUS-guided ethanol injectionComplications: 2
Overall survival: 91.7%, 75%, and 53.3% at 1, 2, and 3 years
Jiang et al[52], 2016Case seriesChina2617/9Solid liver lesionsEUS-guided ethanol injection and iodine-125 brachytherapyComplications: None
Frost et al[40], 2018Case seriesIreland87/1GVEUS-guided thrombin injectionComplications: None
Obliteration: 75%
Rebleeding: 1 patient
Bhat et al[41], 2016Retrospective studyUnited States15297/55GVEUS-guided CYA and coil embolizationTechnical success: 99%
Obliteration: 93%
Rebleeding: 20 patients
Complications: 9 patients
Bick et al[42], 2019Retrospective studyUnited States10462/42GVEUS-guided CYAObliteration: 79%
Rebleeding: 12 patients
Complications: 13 patients
Binmoeller et al[43], 2011Retrospective studyUnited States3019/11GVEUS-guided CYA and coil embolizationTechnical success: 100%
Obliteration: 95.8%
Rebleeding: 4 patients
Complications: None
Bazarbashi et al[44], 2020Prospective studyUnited States4027/13GVEUS-Guided coil embolizationTechnical success: 100%
Obliteration: 100%
Complications: 1 patient
Lôbo et al[53], 2019RCTBrazil3213/19GVEUS-guided CYA and coil embolizationComplications: 13 patients
Obliteration: 93.3%
Mukkada et al[45], 2018Retrospective studyIndia30NRGVEUS-Guided coil embolizationRebleeding: 6 patients
Lee et al[46], 2000Prospective studyChina10169/32GVEUS-guided CYAObliteration: 79.6%
Complications: 22 patients
Rebleeding: 19 patients
Gubler et al[47], 2014Retrospective studySwitzerland4025/15GVEUS-guided CYAComplications: 2 patients
Kozieł et al[48], 2019Retrospective studyPoland169/7GVEUS-guided CYA and coil embolizationTechnical success: 94%
Complications: 6 patients
Romero-Castro et al[49], 2013Retrospective studyGermany3022/8GVEUS-guided coil embolizationObliteration: 90.9%
Complications: 1 patient
Rebleeding: None
M/F: Male/female; NR: Not report; RCT: Randomized clinical trial; EUS-AD: Endoscopic ultrasound guided liver abscess drainage; GV: Gastric varices; CYA: Cyanoacrylate.
Table 4 Outcomes of endoscopic ultrasound-guided interventions in the management of gastric varices
OutcomeCumulative analyses (95%CI)Subgroup analyses (95%CI)
EUS-CYA
EUS-Coil
EUS-CYA + Coil
EUS-thrombin
Technical success0.98 (0.92–0.99)NR0.96 (0.55–0.99)0.98 (0.92–0.99)NR
Obliteration0.84 (0.79–0.88)0.78 (0.70–0.85)0.93 (0.71–0.99)0.93 (0.88–0.97)0.75 (0.38–0.94)
Complications0.15 (0.07–0.28)0.20 (0.07–0.44)0.10 (0.02–0.31)0.22 (0.04–0.69)0.06 (0.003–0.51)
Rebleeding0.17 (0.13–0.23)0.26 (0.13–0.49)0.08 (0.02–0.34)0.16 (0.11–0.23)0.13 (0.02–0.54)
EUS-CYA: Endoscopic ultrasound-cyanoacrylate; NR: Not report.