Endoscopic features and treatments of gastric cystica profunda

Table 1 Demographic information, lesion characteristics, and procedural outcomes of early gastric cancer, n (%)

	GCP (n = 104)
Demographic information
Male	77 (74.0)
Age (yr), mean ± SD	63.4 ± 11.0
History of gastric endoscopic or surgical treatment	13 (12.5)
Symptom
Asymptomatic	66 (63.5)
Epigastric discomfort	28 (26.9)
Regurgitation	8 (7.7)
Melena	2 (1.9)
Lesion characteristics
Growth pattern
Intraluminal growth	103 (99.0)
Extraluminal growth	1 (1.0)
Morphology
Regular	77 (74.0)
Irregular	27 (26.0)
Mucosa
Smooth	40 (38.5)
Ulcerative	64 (61.5)
Max diameter (mm), mean ± SD	20.9 ± 15.3
Location
Cardia	40 (38.5)
Gastric fundus	8 (7.7)
Gastric body	35 (33.7)
Gastric antrum	21 (20.2)
Endoscopic features
Mucosal lesion type	62 (59.6)
IIa	29 (46.8)
IIa + IIc	4 (6.5)
IIc	29 (46.8)
Polypoid type	23 (22.1)
Submucosal lesion type	17 (16.3)
Thickened mucosa with rough wrinkles type	2 (1.9)
Infiltration depth
Mucosa	63 (60.6)
Submucosa	40 (38.5)
Muscularis propria	1 (1.0)
GCP with EGC	62 (59.6)
Procedural outcomes
Endoscopic methods
Electric cutting	7 (6.7)
EMR	11 (10.6)
ESD	80 (76.9)
ESE	6 (5.8)
En-bloc resection	95 (91.3)
Complete resection	95 (91.3)
Suture method
Unstitched	62 (59.6)
Metal clip	40 (38.5)
Nylon rope	1 (1.0)
Metal clip and nylon rope	1 (1.0)
Surgery time (min), mean ± SD	73.9 ± 57.5
Complications	1 (1.0)
Hospital stay (d), mean ± SD	3.4 ± 2.3
Additional surgery	1 (1.0)
Recurrence	5 (4.8)

EMR: Endoscopic mucosal resection; ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection; ESE: Endoscopic submucosal excavation; GCP: Gastric cystica profunda; EGC: Early gastric cancer.

Table 2 Demographic information, lesion characteristics, and procedural outcomes of the early gastric cancer without early gastric cancer s and early gastric cancer with early gastric cancer s groups, n (%)

	GCP without EGCs (n = 42)	GCP with EGCs (n = 62)	P value
Demographic information
Male	23 (54.8)	54 (87.1)	< 0.001
Age (yr), mean ± SD	58.5 ± 11.9	66.7 ± 9.1	< 0.001
History of gastric endoscopic or surgical treatment	4 (9.5)	9 (14.5)	0.450
Symptom			0.158
Asymptomatic	23 (54.8)	43 (69.4)
Epigastric discomfort	15 (35.7)	13 (21.0)
Regurgitation	4 (9.5)	4 (6.5)
Melena	0 (0)	2 (3.2)
Lesion characteristics
Growth pattern			1.000
Intraluminal growth	42 (100)	61 (98.4)
Extraluminal growth	0 (0)	1 (1.6)
Morphology			0.007
Regular	37 (88.1)	40 (64.5)
Irregular	5 (11.9)	22 (35.5)
Mucosa			< 0.001
Smooth	27 (64.3)	13 (21.0)
Ulcerative	15 (35.7)	49 (79.0)
Max diameter (mm), mean ± SD	18.0 ± 14.4	22.9 ± 15.7	0.110
Location			0.003
Cardia	9 (21.4)	31 (50.0)
Gastric fundus	7 (16.7)	1 (1.6)
Gastric body	16 (38.1)	19 (30.6)
Gastric antrum	10 (23.8)	11 (17.7)
Endoscopic features			< 0.001
Mucosal lesion type	8 (19.0)	54 (87.1)
IIa	6 (75.0)	23 (42.6)
IIa + IIc	0 (0)	4 (7.4)
IIc	2 (25.0)	27 (50.0)
Polypoid type	19 (45.2)	4 (6.5)
Submucosal lesion type	13 (31.0)	4 (6.5)
Thickened mucosa with rough wrinkles type	2 (4.8)	0 (0)
Infiltration depth			0.363
Mucosa	24 (57.1)	39 (62.9)
Submucosa	17 (40.5)	23 (37.1)
Muscularis propria	1 (2.4)	0 (0)
Procedural outcomes
Endoscopic methods			< 0.001
Electric cutting	7 (16.7)	0 (0)
EMR	11 (26.2)	0 (0)
ESD	18 (42.9)	62 (100)
ESE	6 (14.3)	0 (0)
En-bloc resection	38 (90.5)	57 (91.9)	1.000
Complete resection	38 (90.5)	57 (91.9)	1.000
Suture method			0.011
Unstitched	18 (42.9)	44 (71)
Metal clip	23 (54.8)	17 (27.4)
Nylon rope	1 (2.4)	0 (0)
Metal clip and nylon rope	0 (0)	1 (1.6)
Surgery time (min), mean ± SD	38.5 ± 38.6	96.6 ± 56.3	< 0.001
Complications	1 (2.4)	0 (0)	0.404
Hospital stay (d), mean ± SD	2.6 ± 1.8	3.9 ± 2.5	0.006
Additional surgery	0 (0)	1 (1.6)	1.000
Recurrence	2 (4.8)	3 (4.8)	1.000

EMR: Endoscopic mucosal resection; ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection; ESE: Endoscopic submucosal excavation; GCP: Gastric cystica profunda; EGC: Early gastric cancer.

Table 3 Multivariate logistic regression analysis for gastric cystica profunda with early gastric cancers

Factors	Multivariate analysis
	OR [95%CI]	β coefficient	P value
Location
Cardia	1
Non-cardia	0.881 [0.226-3.424]	-0.126	0.853
Sex
Male	3.323 [0.771-14.764]	1.201	0.104
Female	1
Morphology
Regular	1
Irregular	15.278 [2.965-111.712]	2.726	0.003
Endoscopic features
Mucosal lesion type	1
Non-mucosal lesion type	0.029 [0.006-0.108]	-3.531	< 0.001
Age	1.026 [0.968-1.090]	0.025	0.392

OR: Odds ratio.