Editorial
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Gastroenterol. Feb 21, 2024; 30(7): 624-630
Published online Feb 21, 2024. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i7.624
Table 1 Case reports of hepatic injuries during colonoscopy
Ref.
Type of injury
Age, sex, and risk factors
Presentation
Treatment
Comments
Ellis et al[16], 1979Combined liver and spleen33-year-old female, her manifestations and colonoscopy findings were suggestive of IBDLeft upper quadrant followed by hemodynamic instabilitySurgicalThe spleen ruptured, laceration to left liver lobe, injury to mesocolon. Ruptured? IBD related adhesions were seen
Noreña et al[18], 2013Lone liver injury73-year-old male, undergoing a screening colonoscopySevere right upper abdominal pain radiating to lumbar region with abdominal distension and rigidityLaparoscopic evaluation and drainage were done with conservative managementA subcapsular hepatic hematoma and a right hepatic; lobe laceration as well as a large hemoperitoneum
Jammal et al[19], 2013Lone liver injury30-year-old woman undergoing screening colonoscopy for polypsRight upper quadrant pain radiating to the right scapulaConservativeAbdominal ultrasonography and CT achieved diagnosis of a subcapsular hematoma
Hussain et al[20], 2020Combined liver and spleenA 71-year-old woman with many medical co-morbidities had an EGD; and colonoscopy for nonspecific abdominal painBrought to emergency room in code blue hours after having colonoscopyEmergency laparotomy with splenectomy and hepatorrhaphyAdhesion of omentum to bilateral abdominal
wall and pelvis. The patient passed away dye to brain hypoxic events
Table 2 Case reports of pancreatic injuries during colonoscopy
Ref.
Type of injury
Age, sex, and risk factors
Presentations
Treatment
Comments
Sidiqi and Gong[5], 2019Acute pancreatitis53-yr-old femaleEpigastric pain with nausea and vomitingConservativeProbably direct trauma to tail of the pancreas by movement of the endoscope
Limb et al[6], 2016Acute pancreatitis69-yr-old female, multiple abdominal surgeries, and previous episode of acute pancreatitisEpigastric painConservativeCrohn’s disease; controlled under mesalazine therapy
Thomas and Mitre[22], 1994Acute pancreatitisA 25-yr-old male, technical difficulties with passage of the scope beyond the splenic flexure after manipulations, position change and external abdominal pressureMid-epigastric pain with nausea and vomitingConservativeAlpha loop formation. The pancreatic inflammation was limited to the tail (close proximity to splenic flexure)
Khashram and Frizelle[24], 2011Hemorrhage around tail of pancreasTrauma of insufflation transmitted to the pancreasEpigastric painConservative
Ahmed et al[32], 2019Pancreatic duct leak62-yr-old female, prior left nephrectomyWorsening left sided abdominal pain, nausea and vomitingERCP with PD stentingA collection involving pancreatic tail and splenic flexure (possible following adhesions of the prior surgery) was seen in the CT