User-friendly prognostic model for rectal neuroendocrine tumours: In the era of precision management

Table 1 Prognostic model for rectal neuroendocrine tumours[9-13,16,17]

Number of patients and centres	Target patients	Variables	Outcome of model	Ref.
346 patients, 5 centres	Patients with endoscopic resection	Tumour size lymphovascular invasion, depth of invasion, positive resection margins, mitotic count	The risk of extracolonic recurrence	Lee et al[16]
199 patients, 8 centres	G1-G2 patients with rNETs	Tumour size, vascular invasion	Preoperative lymph node metastasis	Ricci et al[12]
10580 patients SEER database and 68 patients from 1 centres	Patients with rNETs	Age, sex, race, histologic type, tumour size, tumour number, summary stage, and surgical treatment	5-year survival status	Cheng et al[10]
52 patients, 1 centre	Patients with rNETs	Location and radioactivity uptake	Preoperative lymph node metastasis	Zhou et al[17]
85 patients, 17 centres	Patients with high-grade rNETs	Prognostic nutritional index, alkaline phosphatase, lymph node ratio	1 year, 2 and 3 years relapse-free survival	Zeng et al[13]
1408 patients, 17 centres	Patients with rNETs	Tumour grade, T stage, tumour size, age, and a prognostic nutritional index	1, 3, 5 years overall survival and progression-free survival	Zeng et al[11]
1253 patients from SEER database	Patients with rNETs	Tumour stage, tumour size, tumour grade, age, median income	1, 3, 5 years overall survival and cancer-specific survival, lymph node metastases	Chen et al[9]

SEER: Surveillance, epidemiology, and end results; rNETs: Rectal neuroendocrine tumours.