Quantitative proteomics analysis reveals the pathogenesis of obstructed defecation syndrome caused by abnormal expression of dystrophin

Table 1 Mainstream treatments for obstructed defecation syndrome patients

Conservative management
Lifestyle management	Appropriate water intake, diet rich in fibers
Medical treatment	Colonic lavage or rectal irrigation
Pelvic floor exercises with biofeedback
Surgical management
Ventral rectopexy
Stapled transanal rectal resection
Tissue selecting therapy stapled transanal rectal resection
Rectocele repair

Table 2 Clinical characteristics of obstructed defecation syndrome patients

Characteristics	Categories	n (%)
Number of patients		50
Age (years)	> 60	32 (64)
	< 60	18 (36)
Gender	Male	11 (22)
	Female	39 (78)
Surgical procedure	STARR	44 (88)
	TST-STARR	6 (12)
Oxford grade for rectal prolapse	RRI (Grade I)	2 (4)
	RRI (Grade II)	7 (14)
	RAI (Grade III)	14 (28)
	RAI (Grade IV)	16 (32)
	ERP (Grade V)	11 (22)
Wexner constipation score	mean ± SD	11.34 ± 2.43

ERP: External rectal prolapse; RAI: Rectoanal intussusception; RRI: Rectorectal intussusception; STARR: Stapled transanal rectal resection; TST-STARR: Tissue selecting therapy stapled transanal rectal resection.

Table 3 Primers used for polymerase chain reaction

Gene	Forward 5’-3’	Reverse 5’-3’
GAPDH	CATCATCCCTGCCTCTACTGG	GTGGGTGTCGCTGTTGAAGTC
DMD	AATGGAAACAGTAACTACGGTGAC	TAATCCAGCTGTGAAGTTCAGTTAT
NUP153	GGACCATCTGGTATATGCCGA	GGCTCCGATGAAGAGAAGGC
Cav1.2	ACGTTCCGATGTGTGAGGATC	GGTTCATCTTCACTTCATAGGTCTC

DMD: Dystrophin; NUP153: Nucleoporin protein 153; Ca_v1.2: L-type voltage-gated calcium channel.