Case Report
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Gastroenterol. Nov 14, 2024; 30(42): 4557-4565
Published online Nov 14, 2024. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i42.4557
Table 1 Review of published cases of clinical and pathological characteristics of esophageal melanosis
Ref.
Age
Sex
Esophagus location
Exact location of the lesion
Country
Associated clinical diagnosis
Clinical symptoms
Medication
Smoking
Alcohol drinking
Kuo et al[9], 2011 76 F NA Not specified Australia Celiac disease NA Azathioprine NA NA
Dubail et al[7], 202257 F Middle/lower esophagus Middle and lower esophagus Beljium Peptic ulcer disease NA PPIYes No
Dubail et al[7], 202266 M Upper esophagus Upper esophagus Beljium Gastritis NA NA No Yes
Horowitz et al[10], 199849 M NA Not specified Brazil Anal melanoma NA NA NA NA
Dumas et al[11], 199066 F Lower esophagus 32-35 cm from incisor Cedax Mental anorexia NA NA NA NA
Bogomoletz et al[12], 199775 M Middle esophagus 20 cm below Killian’s line France NA Epigastric pain, dysphagia NA NA NA
Maroy et al[13], 201365 M Middle/lower esophagus Mid esophagus 19 cm (1st lesion) and distal esophagus 38 cm (2nd lesion)France Tonsil squamous cell carcinomaNA NA Yes Yes
Sarbia et al[14], 201269 M Middle/lower esophagus Middle and the lower thirds of the esophagus Germany Adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction, acanthosis nigricans of the esophagusPain NA NA NA
Kleikamp et al[15], 200648 M NA No data Germany Adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction, acanthosis nigricans of the esophagusPain NA NA NA
Agarwal et al[6], 202253 F Middle/lower esophagus Mid and lower esophagus India Iron deficiency anemia NA IronNA NA
Sharma et al[5], 199150 M Lower esophagus Lower third of esophagus India Peptic ulcer disease NA NA NA NA
Sharma et al[5], 199160 M Lower esophagus Lower third of esophagus India Peptic ulcer disease NA NA NA NA
Sharma et al[5], 199168 M Middle esophagus Middle third of esophagus India Peptic ulcer disease NA NA NA NA
Sharma et al[5], 199151 F Middle esophagus Middle third of esophagus India Peptic ulcer disease NA NA NA NA
Sharma et al[5], 199157 F Middle esophagus Middle third of esophagus India Peptic ulcer disease NA NA NA NA
Sharma et al[5], 199170 M Middle esophagus Middle third of esophagus India Peptic ulcer disease NA NA NA NA
Sharma et al[5], 199145 M Upper esophagus Upper third of esophagus India Peptic ulcer disease NA NA NA NA
Sharma et al[5], 199155 M Upper esophagus Upper third of the esophagus India Peptic ulcer disease NA NA NA NA
Sharma et al[5], 199160 M Middle esophagus Middle third of esophagus India Peptic ulcer disease Non-ulcer dyspepsia NA NA NA
Sharma et al[5], 199150 F Middle esophagus Middle third of esophagus India NA Non-ulcer dyspepsia NA NA NA
Sharma et al[5], 199149 M Lower esophagus Lower third of esophagus India NA Non-ulcer dyspepsia NA NA NA
Sharma et al[5], 199140 F Middle esophagus Middle third of esophagus India NA Non-ulcer dyspepsia NA NA NA
Sharma et al[5], 199143 F Middle esophagus Middle third of esophagus India NA Non-ulcer dyspepsia NA NA NA
Sharma et al[5], 199148 M Middle esophagus Middle third of esophagus India NA Non-ulcer dyspepsia NA NA NA
Sharma et al[5], 199150 M Middle esophagus Middle third of esophagus India NA Non-ulcer dyspepsia NA NA NA
Sharma et al[5], 199158 M Middle esophagus Middle third of esophagus India NA Non-ulcer dyspepsia NA NA NA
Sharma et al[5], 199159 M Middle esophagus Middle third of esophagus India NA Non-ulcer dyspepsia NA NA NA
Kumari et al[16], 2016 66 M NA No data India NA Chest pain and dysphagia NA NA NA
Sharma et al[5], 199150 M Upper esophagus Upper third of esophagus India NA Non-ulcer dyspepsia NA NA NA
Sharma et al[5], 199156 M Middle esophagus Middle third of esophagus India Gastritis NA NA NA NA
Sharma et al[5], 199159 M Middle esophagus Middle third of esophagus India Gastritis NA NA NA NA
Sharma et al[5], 199148 M Middle esophagus Middle third of esophagus India Gastritis NA NA NA NA
Vincent Comraj et al[17], 202370 M NA No dataIndia Gastritis NA NA No No
Geramizadeh et al[18], 201475 M Middle esophagus Middle part of the esophagusIran NA Epigastric pain and dysphagiaNA Yes No
Kinugasa et al[19], 202077 M Lower esophagus Lower part of the esophagusJapan Eosinophilic esophagitis NA Antihypertensive medicationsNA NA
Mori et al[20], 2005 70 M Lower esophagus 35 cm from the incisor teeth Japan None NA NA NA NA
Mori et al[20], 2005 60 F Lower esophagus 30 cm from the incisorJapan NA Dysphagia NA NA NA
Yamazaki et al[21], 199156 M Lower esophagus 30-33 cm from incisorJapan NA NA NA NA NA
Yamazaki et al[21], 199162 M Lower esophagus 35 cm from incisorJapan NA NA NA NA NA
Yamazaki et al[21], 199170 F Lower esophagus Lower third of esophagusJapanNA NA NA NA NA
Yamazaki et al[21], 199166 M Lower esophagus Lower third of esophagusJapanNA NA NA NA NA
Yamamoto et al[22], 199962 F Lower esophagus Middle esophagus 30 cm from the incisor JapanLaugier-Hunziker syndrome NA NA NA NA
Kaneko et al[23], 202262 M Middle esophagus Middle thoracic esophagus JapanHypopharyngeal cancer, NA NA NA NA
Kato et al[24], 201371 M Middle esophagus Middle thoracic esophagus JapanEsophageal melanoma NA NA NA NA
Oshiro et al[25], 200771 M Lower esophagus 35 cm away from the incisor JapanEsophageal melanomaNAPPINA NA
Suzuki et al[26], 200867 M Lower esophagus Lower thoracic esophagus JapanEsophageal melanomaNANA Yes No
Suzuki et al[26], 200862 M Upper/middle esophagus Upper to middle thoracic esophagus JapanEsophageal melanomaNANA Yes Yes
Walter et al[27], 200064 F Middle/lower esophagus Lower half of the esophagectomy specimen NetherlandsEsophageal SCCNAPPIYes Yes
Destek et al[28], 201655 F Middle/lower esophagus Middle, the front incisor teeth from 20 cm to the starting 30 cm TurkeyGastritisNANA No No
Chang et al[3], 2006 (unpublished data) 80 F Lower esophagus Distal esophagus 30-34 cm from the incisor teeth United KingdomGastritis NANA NA NA
Berry et al[29], 1995 51 F NA NA United States NA NANA NA NA
Nagra et al[30], 202057 F Middle esophagus Middle esophagus United States Iron deficiency anemiaNANA NA NA
Jones et al[31], 2005 22 M Lower esophagus 38 cm from the incisor United States Addison’s diseaseDysphagia NA NA NA
Dinneen et al[32], 201465 F Upper/middle esophagus Upper and middle esophagus United States Esophageal wall thickening on CTAbdominal pain NA NA NA
Changela et al[33], 201748 F Upper esophagus Upper third of the esophagus United States NAWeight loss and dyspepsia NA Yes NA
Current study, 202459 M Upper and lower esophagus Upper esophagus and lower esophagus United States Esophageal SCCNA PPINo No
Current study, 202454F Middle esophagus Middle esophagus United States NoneWeight loss Losartan Yes Yes