Pan-immune-inflammation value as a prognostic biomarker for colon cancer and its variation by primary tumor location

doi:10.3748/wjg.v30.i33.3823

Advanced Search

BPG is committed to discovery and dissemination of knowledge

Home / Archive / Volume 30, Issue 33

This Article

Academic Content and Language Evaluation of This Article

CrossCheck and Google Search of This Article

Academic Rules and Norms of This Article

Supplementary Materials of This Article

Citation of this article

Corresponding Author of This Article

Research Domain of This Article

Article-Type of This Article

Open-Access Policy of This Article

Times Cited Counts in Google of This Article

Number of Hits and Downloads for This Article

Total Article Views (1196)

All Articles published online

The chart showing PDF series, HTML series, Figures (1-6) series, Tables (1-3) series.

Item

Count

PDF

HTML

646

Figures (1-6)

Tables (1-3)

Sum=825

Featured Article

The chart showing Browse series, Download series.

Item

Count

Browse

105

Download

111

Sum=216

Publishing Process of This Article

Item

Count

Browse

Download

Sum=112

Sep 7, 2024 (publication date) through Nov 19, 2024

Times Cited of This Article

Times Cited (1)

Journal Information of This Article

Publication Name

World Journal of Gastroenterology

ISSN

1007-9327

Publisher of This Article

Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Cohort Study

World J Gastroenterol. Sep 7, 2024; 30(33): 3823-3836
Published online Sep 7, 2024. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i33.3823

Table 1 Baseline characteristics in left-sided colon cancer

Variables	Patients			P value
Variables	All (n = 801)	PIV-high (n = 282)	PIV-low (n = 519)	P value
Sex, n (%)				0.044
Female	495 (62)	188 (67)	307 (59)
Male	306 (38)	94 (33)	212 (41)
Age, median (IQR), years	63 (54, 70)	62.5 (54, 70.75)	63 (54, 69)	0.743
Tumor grade, n (%)				0.010
G1-2	743 (93)	252 (89)	491 (95)
G3	58 (7)	30 (11)	28 (5)
Vascular, n (%)				0.961
Invasion	184 (23)	64 (23)	120 (23)
No-invasion	617 (77)	218 (77)	399 (77)
Perineural, n (%)				0.727
Invasion	116 (14)	43 (15)	73 (14)
No-invasion	685 (86)	239 (85)	446 (86)
MMR, n (%)				< 0.001
dMMR	85 (11)	48 (17)	37 (7)
pMMR	716 (89)	234 (83)	482 (93)
T stage, n (%)				0.001
T1-2	143 (18)	33 (12)	110 (21)
T3-4	658 (82)	249 (88)	409 (79)
N stage, n (%)				0.192
N0	446 (56)	152 (54)	294 (57)
N1	261 (33)	89 (32)	172 (33)
N2	94 (12)	41 (15)	53 (10)
NLR, median (IQR)	2.13 (1.62, 2.92)	3.06 (2.39, 4.15)	1.8 (1.44, 2.23)	< 0.001
PLR, median (IQR)	141.67 (111.31, 183.98)	182.76 (143.89, 238.09)	127.47 (100, 155.05)	< 0.001
SII, median (IQR)	502.24 (357.54, 742.37)	856.81 (650, 1299.84)	402.6 (307.71, 508.28)	< 0.001
PIV, median (IQR)	175.87 (111.92, 286.84)	361.93 (271.07, 644.13)	133.11 (91.46, 172.42)	< 0.001
CEA, median (IQR), ng/mL	3.5 (2, 7.58)	4.4 (2.3, 10.52)	3.2 (1.88, 6.73)	< 0.001
CA19-9, median (IQR), U/mL	11.6 (7, 20.1)	11.95 (6.73, 21.8)	11.5 (7.2, 19.6)	0.772
Tumor size, median (IQR), cm	4 (3, 5)	5 (3.78, 6)	4 (3, 5)	< 0.001

PIV: Pan-immune-inflammation value; G1-2: Grades well and moderately differentiated; G3: Grade poorly differentiated; MMR: Mismatch repair; dMMR: Mismatch repair-deficient; pMMR: Mismatch repair-proficient; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR: Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; SII: Systemic immune-inflammation index; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; IQR: Interquartile range.

Table 2 Cox proportional hazards regression models for disease-free survival in left-sided colon cancer and right-sided colon cancer

Variables	LCC (n = 801)				RCC (n = 709)
Variables	aHR (95%CI)¹	P value¹	aHR (95%CI)²	P value²	aHR (95%CI)¹	P value¹	aHR (95%CI)²	P value²
Sex
Female	1 (Reference)	NA			1 (Reference)	NA
Male	1.17 (0.82-1.65)	0.387			1.13 (0.76-1.68)	0.541
Age, years
< 65	1 (Reference)	NA			1 (Reference)	NA
≥ 65	1.31 (0.93-1.85)	0.124			1.44 (0.96-2.15)	0.074
Tumor grade
G1-2	1 (Reference)	NA			1 (Reference)	NA
G3	1.63 (0.92-2.90)	0.094			0.88 (0.49-1.58)	0.676
AJCC stage
I	1 (Reference)	NA	1 (Reference)	NA	1 (Reference)	NA	1 (Reference)	NA
II	2.12 (0.89-5.06)	0.089	1.55 (0.65-3.75)	0.325	1.58 (0.56-4.50)	0.390	1.31 (0.46-3.74)	0.619
III	5.76 (2.52-13.15)	< 0.001	3.70 (1.59-8.62)	0.002	5.10 (1.86-14.00)	0.002	3.15 (1.13-8.83)	0.029
Tumor size
< 5 cm	1 (Reference)	NA	1 (Reference)	NA	1 (Reference)	NA
≥ 5 cm	1.61 (1.14-2.27)	0.007	1.24 (0.86-1.80)	0.253	0.88 (0.59-1.31)	0.521
Vascular
No-invasion	1 (Reference)	NA	1 (Reference)	NA	1 (Reference)	NA	1 (Reference)	NA
Invasion	2.17 (1.52-3.10)	< 0.001	1.48 (1.00-2.19)	0.049	3.01 (2.02-4.47)	< 0.001	2.02 (1.32-3.11)	0.001
Perineural
No-invasion	1 (Reference)	NA	1 (Reference)	NA	1 (Reference)	NA	1 (Reference)	NA
Invasion	2.22 (1.49-3.32)	< 0.001	1.58 (1.02-2.45)	0.040	2.24 (1.39-3.60)	< 0.001	1.06 (0.63-1.77)	0.831
MMR
pMMR	1 (Reference)	NA			1 (Reference)	NA	1 (Reference)	NA
dMMR	0.74 (0.40-1.37)	0.339			0.45 (0.25-0.78)	0.005	0.56 (0.32-1.00)	0.049
CEA
Low	1 (Reference)	NA	1 (Reference)	NA	1 (Reference)	NA	1 (Reference)	NA
High	2.80 (1.93-4.06)	< 0.001	1.81 (1.22-2.70)	0.003	2.51 (1.69-3.73)	< 0.001	1.83 (1.20-2.79)	0.005
CA19-9
Low	1 (Reference)	NA	1 (Reference)	NA	1 (Reference)	NA	1 (Reference)	NA
High	2.02 (1.31-3.13)	0.002	1.34 (0.85-2.11)	0.201	2.65 (1.69-4.15)	< 0.001	1.75 (1.09-2.81)	0.020
PIV
Low	1 (Reference)	NA	1 (Reference)	NA	1 (Reference)	NA
High	2.39 (1.70-3.38)	< 0.001	2.12 (1.30-3.47)	0.003	0.72 (0.48-1.08)	0.114
SII
Low	1 (Reference)	NA	1 (Reference)	NA	1 (Reference)	NA
High	1.89 (1.31-2.72)	< 0.001	0.92 (0.53-1.62)	0.782	0.68 (0.44-1.04)	0.076
NLR
Low	1 (Reference)	NA	1 (Reference)	NA	1 (Reference)	NA
High	1.72 (1.20-2.47)	0.003	1.18 (0.74-1.90)	0.487	1.37 (0.77-2.46)	0.288
PLR
Low	1 (Reference)	NA	1 (Reference)	NA	1 (Reference)	NA
High	1.73 (1.14-2.61)	0.009	0.87 (0.54-1.38)	0.545	1.58 (0.94-2.66)	0.088

¹Univariable.

²Multivariable.

LCC: Left-sided colon cancer; RCC: Right-sided colon cancer; aHR: Adjusted hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; PIV: Pan-immune-inflammation value; G1-2: Grades well and moderately differentiated; G3: Grade poorly differentiated; MMR: Mismatch repair; dMMR: Mismatch repair-deficient; pMMR: Mismatch repair-proficient; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR: Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; SII: Systemic immune-inflammation index; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; AJCC: American Joint Committee on Cancer; NA: Not available.

Table 3 Logistic multivariable analysis for high pan-immune-inflammation value ratio in left-sided colon cancer and right-sided colon cancer

Variables	LCC		RCC
Variables	aOR (95%CI)	P value	aOR (95%CI)	P value
Sex
Male	1 (Reference)	NA	1 (Reference)	NA
Female	1.36 (0.98-1.88)	0.062	1.49 (1.06-2.10)	0.022
Age
< 65	1 (Reference)	NA	1 (Reference)	NA
≥ 65	1.00 (0.73-1.38)	0.979	1.47 (1.04-2.07)	0.028
Tumor grade
G1-2	1 (Reference)	NA	1 (Reference)	NA
G3	1.45 (0.80-2.62)	0.217	2.05 (1.17-3.60)	0.013
T stage
T1-2	1 (Reference)	NA	1 (Reference)	NA
T3-4	1.52 (0.96-2.41)	0.076	2.07 (1.26-3.39)	0.004
N stage
N0	1 (Reference)	NA	1 (Reference)	NA
N1	0.97 (0.68-1.39)	0.874	1.29 (0.85-1.95)	0.237
N2	1.58 (0.93-2.67)	0.089	1.11 (0.63-1.945)	0.715
Tumor size
< 5 cm	1 (Reference)	NA	1 (Reference)	NA
≥ 5 cm	2.55 (1.85-3.51)	< 0.001	2.19 (1.55-3.10)	< 0.001
Vascular
No-invasion	1 (Reference)	NA	1 (Reference)	NA
Invasion	0.83 (0.56-1.25)	0.379	0.86 (0.56-1.30)	0.470
Perineural
No-invasion	1 (Reference)	NA	1 (Reference)	NA
Invasion	1.09 (0.69-1.72)	0.726	0.61 (0.36-1.02)	0.059
MMR
pMMR	1 (Reference)	NA	1 (Reference)	NA
dMMR	2.53 (1.53-4.18)	< 0.001	1.80 (1.18-2.76)	0.006
CEA
Low	1 (Reference)	NA	1 (Reference)	NA
High	1.94 (1.28-2.95)	0.002	1.20 (0.80-1.80)	0.376
CA19-9
Low	1 (Reference)	NA	1 (Reference)	NA
High	1.01 (0.62-1.62)	0.982	1.55 (0.87-2.74)	0.134

LCC: Left-sided colon cancer; RCC: Right-sided colon cancer; aOR: Adjusted odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; PIV: Pan-immune-inflammation value; G1-2: Grades well and moderately differentiated; G3: Grade poorly differentiated; MMR: Mismatch repair; dMMR: Mismatch repair-deficient; pMMR: Mismatch repair-proficient; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; NA: Not available.

Citation: Wang QY, Zhong WT, Xiao Y, Lin GL, Lu JY, Xu L, Zhang GN, Du JF, Wu B. Pan-immune-inflammation value as a prognostic biomarker for colon cancer and its variation by primary tumor location. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30(33): 3823-3836
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v30/i33/3823.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v30.i33.3823