Cellular strategies to induce immune tolerance after liver transplantation: Clinical perspectives

Table 1 Clinical trials using cellular therapy to induce tolerance after liver transplantation

Ref.	Cellular products	Sample size/stage	Recipients	Status	Trial ID
Todo et al[26]	Donor derived Treg	10/Phase I/II	Adult	7/10 recipients reached tolerance	UMIN-000015789
Sánchez-Fueyo et al[27]	Recipient derived polyclonal Treg	6/Phase I	Adult	Safe for recipients, not test tolerance	NCT02166177
Tang et al[28]	Recipient derived darTreg	5/Phase I/II	Adult	4/5 encountered acute rejection	NCT02474199
Lim et al[32]	IL-2 infusion	5/Phase I/II	Adult	All suffered rejection	NCT02949492
Sánchez-Fueyo et al[91]	CAR-Treg targeting HLA-A2	18-70/Phase I/II	Adult	Recruiting	NCT05234190
Tran et al[92]	Donor derived DCreg	13/Phase I/II	Adult	Safe for recipients, no tolerance tested	NCT03164265
Detry et al[67]	Third party MSCs	10/Phase I/II	Adult	Safe for recipients, no tolerance achieved	NCT01429038
Casiraghi et al[68]	Third party MSCs	10/Phase I/II	Adult	Safe for recipients	NCT01429038

Treg: Regulatory CD4+ T cell; IL-2: Interleukin-2; CAR: Chimeric antigen receptors; HLA: Human leukocyte antigen; DCreg: Regulatory dendritic cell; MSCs: Mesenchymal stromal cells.