Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Gastroenterol. Mar 28, 2024; 30(12): 1739-1750
Published online Mar 28, 2024. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i12.1739
Table 1 Clinical characteristics in patients with non-metastatic early-onset pancreatic cancer
Characteristics
n (%)
Age (yr)
Median (range)46 (20-50)
< 45115 (41.5)
≥ 45162 (58.5)
Sex
Male190 (68.6)
Female87 (31.4)
Tumor site
Body and tail85 (30.6)
Head193 (69.4)
Clinical manifestation
Abdominal pain136 (49.1)
Jaundice83 (30.0)
New-onset diabetes12 (4.3)
Back pain9 (3.2)
No symptoms28 (10.1)
Others9 (3.2)
History of tobacco102 (36.8)
History of alcohol72 (26.0)
Obesity19 (6.9)
Pre-existing diabetes10 (3.6)
History of chronic pancreatitis6 (2.2)
Baseline CA19-9 (U/mL)
≥ 150126 (51.2)
< 150120 (48.8)
Unknown31
Pathological grade
Well12 (5.4)
Moderate110 (49.5)
Poor100 (45.0)
Unknown55
T-stage
133 (11.9)
2124 (44.8)
356 (20.2)
462 (22.4)
X2 (0.7)
N-stage
0172 (62.1)
1 95 (34.3)
210 (3.6)
Clinical stage
Localized215 (77.6)
Locally advanced62 (22.4)
Resection218 (78.7)
Chemotherapy207 (74.7)
Radiotherapy75 (27.1)
Immunotherapy86 (31.0)
Targeted therapy55 (19.9)
Table 2 Treatment details based on clinical stage
Treatmentn (%)
Localized disease215 (77.6)
Resection204 (94.9)
Neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant therapy124 (60.8)1
Surgery alone80 (39.2)
Nonsurgical therapy11 (5.1)
Locally advanced disease62 (22.4)
Surgery after neoadjuvant therapy14 (22.6)
Radiotherapy-based combination therapy29 (46.8)2
Chemotherapy19 (30.6)
Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analyses for overall survival
Characteristics
Univariable analysis
Multivariable analysis
Hazard ratio (95%CI)
P value
Hazard ratio (95%CI)
P value
Sex
MaleReferenceN/AN/AN/A
Female0.74 (0.53-1.05)0.089N/AN/A
Age (yr)
≥ 45ReferenceN/AN/AN/A
< 450.82 (0.60-1.12)0.217N/AN/A
Site
Body and tailReferenceN/AN/AN/A
Head0.83 (0.60-1.15)0.271N/AN/A
Baseline CA19-9 in U/mL
> 150ReferenceN/AN/AN/A
≤ 1500.62 (0.44-0.87)0.005a0.67 (0.48-0.95)0.025a
Unknown1.05 (0.66-1.66)0.8411.17 (0.72-1.91)0.532
Pathology grade
Well and moderateReferenceN/AN/AN/A
Poor1.62 (1.15-2.28)0.006a1.56 (1.08-2.26)0.017a
Unknown1.45 (0.96-2.19)0.0760.94 (0.52-1.70)0.834
T-stage
1ReferenceN/AN/AN/A
21.40 (0.82-2.39)0.2201.38 (0.80-2.39)0.252
31.88 (1.06-3.36)0.031a2.17 (1.18-3.98)0.012a
41.78 (0.99-3.20)0.053a1.35 (0.67-2.72)0.400
X2.45 (0.56-10.72)0.2342.35 (0.50-11.10)0.282
N-stage
0ReferenceN/AN/AN/A
1-21.85 (1.36-2.51)< 0.001a1.88 (1.36-2.60)< 0.001a
Clinical stage
LocalizedReferenceN/AN/AN/A
Locally advanced1.34 (0.93-1.92)0.117N/AN/A
Resection
NoReferenceN/AN/AN/A
Yes0.62 (0.44-0.89)0.009a0.52 (0.29-0.93)0.027a
Chemotherapy
NoReferenceN/AN/AN/A
Yes1.02 (0.74-1.41)0.916N/AN/A
Radiotherapy
NoReferenceN/AN/AN/A
Yes0.81 (0.57-1.14)0.223N/AN/A
Immunotherapy
NoReferenceN/AN/AN/A
Yes1.01 (0.73-1.40)0.959N/AN/A
Targeted therapy
NoReferenceN/AN/AN/A
Yes0.85 (0.59-1.23)0.385N/AN/A