Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Gastroenterol. Mar 21, 2024; 30(11): 1497-1523
Published online Mar 21, 2024. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i11.1497
Table 1 MicroRNAs act as suppressor in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma metastasis
miRNA
Metastasis studies in different sources
Ref.
Suppressor
Tissue
Cell
Xenograft
miR-1LNM, VI, TNM, advanced C stageI[148]
miR-10aLNM, C stageI, M, EMTTumor Me[29]
miR-100LNMI, M[24]
miR-100-5pDI, LI, T stage[149]
miR-101LNMI, MLiver Me[30]
miR-10527-5pLNM, T stage, LII, M, EMT,[9]
LI
miR-107NS (LNM)I, M[152]
miR-122I, M, EMT[116]
miR-124LNM, MeI, M[25]
miR-124-3pLNM, DI, DM, TNM I, M, EMT[31,156]
miR-125a-5pI, M[157]
miR-125bLNM, TNMI, M, EMT[26]
miR-1254 VI, P stage[159]
miR-126LNM, TNMI, M[27]
miR-128-3pLNMI, M, EMT[23]
miR-129TNMI, M[28,143]
miR-129-2LNM, DM, advance clinical TNMI, M[164]
MiR-129-2-3pI, M[166]
miR-1294LNM, LI, VII, M[84]
miR-130a-5pI, M[169]
miR-133aLNM, P stage I, M[170]
miR-133bI, M, EMT[102]
miR-134LNM, TNMI, M[32]
miR-136-5pLNM, TNMI, M[168]
miR-137I, M, EMT[174]
miR-138LNM, TNM[18]
miR-140-3pLNM, DM, TNMI, EMT[176]
miR-140MeI, M, EMT[178]
miR-143LNM, DI, VI, TNMI, M[13]
miR-143-3pI, M[180]
miR-144Me, TNMI, MLiver Me[33]
miR-145LNM, DI, TNMI, M, EMT[182, 183]
miR-145-3pI, M[185]
miR-145-5pI, M, EMT[187]
miR-146aNS (N stage), TNMI, M, EMT[189]
miR1469LNM, DI[191]
miR-148aI, M, EMT[193]
miR-149-5pI, M[10]
miR-150LNM, LI, VI, TNMI, M, EMT[195]
miR-150-3pI, M[197]
miR-153I, M, EMT[94]
miR-181a-5pI, MDLA Me[199]
miR-185NS (LNM, DM, TNM)I, MLung Me[15]
miR-186-5pNS (LNM), DMI, M[43]
miR-193a-5pLNM, TNM[19]
miR-193bI, M[104]
miR-195LNM, VI, TNMI, M[202]
miR-198I, M[204]
miR-202LNMM[206]
miR203LNM, TNMI, M, EMTLung Me[34,81]
miR-203a-3pI, M, EMT[209]
miR-204-5pLNM, DII, M, EMT[210]
miR-205LNMI, M, EMT[93,213]
miR206LNM, TNM[20]
miR-212-3pI[215]
miR-214LNM, tumor stageI, M, EMT[216,217]
miR-214-3pI, M[219]
miR-216a/bLNM, TNM[220]
miR-217I, M[80]
miR-218LNM, TNMI, M[221]
miR-26aLNM, C stagesI, MLiver Me[33,223]
miR-27aLNMI[103]
miR-27b-3pLNM, TNMI, M, EMT[225]
miR-29bLNMI, M[88]
miR-29cMPI[228]
miR-30aLNMI, M[148]
miR-30bNS (N stage)I, M, EMT[44]
miR30a-3pLNMI, M, EMT[148]
miR-30cT, N, M, stageI, EMT[95]
miR-30dLNM, advanced TNMI, M[150]
miR-30e-5I, M[126]
miR-301aI, M[151]
miR-323a-3pI, MLung Me[153]
miR-326I, M[154]
miR-328I, MLiver Me[155]
miR-33a-5pLNM, TNMI, M[111]
miR-335-5pI, M, EMT[158]
miR-338-3pI, M, EMT[101]
miR-338-5pI, MLung Me[160]
miR-34aLNM, TNMI, M, EMTLiver Me[36,161]
miR-340-5pLNM, TNMI, M[162]
miR-3612I, M[163]
miR-365I, EMT[165]
miR-370LNM, tumor invasion[167]
miR-370-3pLNM, TNMI, M[168]
miR-375LNM, LVI, DM, TNMI, M, EMTTumor mobility, I[37,38]
miR-377LNM, TNMI, M[171]
miR378LNM, TNMI, M,[172]
miR-378a-3pI, M[11]
miR-422aI, M[173]
miR-429LNM, TNMI, M, EMT[175]
miR-4324LNM, DII, M, EMT[175]
miR-433-3pI, M[177]
miR-4429 LNM, TNMI, M, EMT[114]
miR-449a-5pLNM, TNM[179]
miR-451 LNM, TNM[21]
miR-455-3pLNMI[181]
miR-455-5pLNMI, M[184]
miR-4766-5pI, M, EMT[186]
miR-485-5pNS (LNM), TNMI, M, EMT[188]
miR-486-5pI[190]
miR-490-3pI, M, EMT[192]
miR-493I, M[145]
miR-497-5pI, M[194]
miR-498NS (LNM, DM)I, M[196]
miR-508-3pI, M[198]
miR-515-3pMeI, M, EMTLung ME[12]
miR-516bLNM, DI, advanced TNMI, M, EMT[200]
miR-518bLNMI[201]
miR-542-3pNS (metastasis)I, M[47]
miR-574-3pLNM, DI, TNMI, M[50]
miR-590LNM, TNMI, M, EMT[51]
miR-595I, M[203]
miR-599I, M, EMT[205]
miR-615-5pLNM, advanced TNMI, M[207]
miR-620I, M, EMTLung ME[208]
miR-622N stage, TNMI, M, EMT[138]
miR-625LNM, DM, advanced TNMI[211,212]
miR-630LNM, P stageI, M, EMT[214]
miR-652LNM, TNMI, MMultiple ME[39]
miR-670-3pI, M[139]
miR-671-5pI, M, EMT[218]
miR-718LNM, TNM[22]
miR-765I, M[133]
miR-874-3pLNM, C stageI, M[14]
miR-942-5pTNM, C stageI, M, EMT[222]
miR-98LNM, TNMI, M[216]
miR-99aI, M, EMT[224]
let-7LNM[226]
let-7aTNMI, M, EMTLNM[227]
let-7b-5pI, M[40]
LNM: Lymph node metastasis; VI: Vessel invasion; LVI: Lymphatic vessel invasion; LI: Lymphatic invasion; TNM: Tumor nodes metastasis stage; C stage: Clinical stage; P stage: Pathological stage; DI: Depth of invasion; DM: Distant metastasis; I: Invasion; M: Migration; EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition; Me: Metastasis; DLA Me: Dilated lymphatic arteries metastasis; Multiple Me: Brain, bone, adrenal gland, lung, kidney, liver metastasis; MPI: Muscularis propria invasion.
Table 2 MicroRNAs act as oncogene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma metastasis
miRNA
Metastasis studies in different sources
Ref.
oncomiR
Tissue
Cell
Xenograft
miR-10b-3pLNM, C stagesI, M, EMTLung, Liver Bone Me[56,57]
miR-10bNS (LNM)I, M[229]
miR-103a-2-5pI[68]
miR-105-5pI, M[69]
miR-106b-5pTNMI, M, EMTLung Me[52]
miR-1179Me TNMI[232]
miR-1269LNM, TNMI, M[59]
miR-1290LNM, tumor invasion, TNMI, M[113]
miR-130bI, M[70]
miR1323I, M[71]
miR-135b-5pLNMI, M[236]
MiR-140-5pI, M, EMT[92]
miR-142-3pLNM[237]
miR-1470M[239]
miR-17-5pLNM, TNM, DII, M[60,240]
miR-17aLNM, C stage[242]
miR-18aLNM, TNMI, M[61,244]
miR-181b-5pAdvance TNMM[107]
miR-181c-3pDI, TNM[246]
miR-19bLNM, C stage[242]
miR-19b-3pI, M[72]
miR-196aI, M[74]
miR-196a-3pM[74]
miR-20b-5pLNM, C stageI, M[249]
miR200aI, M[87]
miR-211LNM, LI, VI, TNMI, M, EMT[282]
miR-221I, M[251]
miR-224NR (LNM), TNMI, M[252]
miR-224-5pI, M, EMT[100]
miR-23aNSI, MLung Me[140,254]
miR-23b-3pI, M, EMT[73]
MiR-23b-5pMeI, MLung Me[257]
miR-25LNM, TNMI, M, EMTLung Me[58]
miR-25-3pLNM, TNMI, M[62]
miR-30d-5pLNM, TNM, DII, M, EMT[91,230]
miR-301LNM, TNMI, M[63]
miR-301a-3pLNM, tumor invasion, TNM[231]
miR-301bI, M[75]
miR-31N, M stage, TNM I, M, EMT[233]
miR-320bLNMI, M, EMT[53]
miR-330-3pI, M[234]
miR-3656I, M[235]
miR-373LNM, TNMI, M[64]
miR-425I, M[119]
miR-4286I, M[238]
miR-4443TNMI[60]
miR-452-5pLNM, DMI, M[241]
miR-483-3pI, M, EMT[243]
miR-483-5pLNM, TNMI, M[65,66]
miR-506LNM, TNM[245]
miR-5692bDI, TNM[246]
miR-602LNM, TNMI, MLung, liver, bone, adrenal gland Me[54]
miR-612LNM, metastasisI, M[247]
miR-624-3pI, M, EMT[76]
miR-675-3pI, M, EMT[248]
miR-766-3pLNM, TNMI, M[67]
miR-875-5pI, M[250]
miR-9LNMI, M, EMTLung Me[85]
miR-92aLNM, LNII, M[86]
miR-92a-3pI, M[77]
miR-92b-3pI, M[253]
miR-935Me[255]
miR93I, M[256]
1NS (plasma).
LNM: Lymph node metastasis; VI: Vessel invasion; LNI: Lymph node invasion; LI: Lymphatic invasion; TNM: Tumor nodes metastasis stage; C stage: Clinical stage; DI: Depth of invasion; I: Invasion; M: Migration; Me: Metastasis; EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
Table 3 The epigenetic regulation on microRNAs in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma metastasis
miRNA (Suppressor)
Epigenetic regulation
Ref.
miR-101~/lncMALAT1[48,49,142]
lncXIST/~/EZH2
PSMA3-AS1/~/EZH2
miR-122LINC01410/~/ PKM2[259]
miR-129lncNEAT1/~/CtBP2;[28,145]
lnc XIST/~/CCND1
miR-130a-5pCCL18-induced lncHOTAIR/~/ZEB1[169]
miR-133bTTN-AS1/~/FSCN1[102,128,129,261]
NCK1-AS1/~/ENPEP
lncKCNQ1OT1/~/EGFRTHAP9-AS1/~/SOX4
miR-145lncROR/~/FSCN1[262]
miR-140-5plncSNHG16/~/ZEB1[92]
miR-186-5plncSNHG6/~/HIF-1α[264]
miR-195lncSNHG1/~/Cdc42[265,266]
miR203 circ_0008717/~/Slug[35,267]
circPRMT5/~
miR206circ_0008726/~[20]
miR-214FAM83A-AS1/~/CDC25B[130,268]
LINC00963/~/RAB14
miR-30aOIP5AS1/~/VOPP1[131]
miR-30d-5pDDX11-AS1/~/SNAI1[91]
miR-30e-5plncDLEU2/~/ E2F7[126]
miR-301alncGAS5/~/CXCR4[151]
miR-328lncLOC146880/~/FSCN1[269]
miR-33a-5plncDANCR/~/ZEB1[270,271]
lncCASC15/~/PTGS2
miR-335-5plncTHAP9-AS1/~/SGMS2[124]
miR-338-3plncBRAF/~/IGF1R[101,273]
lncSNHG17/~/SOX4
miR-34a lncMIR31HG/~/c-Met[274]
miR-340-5pLINC00662/~/HOXB2[162]
miR-378a-3pSLC2A1-AS1/~/Glut1[132]
miR-498lncTUG1/~/Cdc42[46,294,278]
AFAP1-AS1/~/VEGFA
lncTUG1/~/XBP1
miR-508-3plncPCAT-1/~/ANXA10[198]
miR-516blncJPX/~/VEGFA[281]
miR-765MAFG-AS1/~/PDX1[135]
oncomiR
miR-18a-5plncPART1/~/SOX6[61]
miR-21LncRNA-IUR/~/PTEN[134,282]
HAND2-AS1/~
miR-1290circ_0086414/~/SPARCL1circ_0001946/~/SOX6[113,283]
miR1323circLARP4/~/PTEN[71]
miR-224 circ_0007624/~/CPEB3[100]
miR-23acircFoxo3/miR-23a[140]
miR-125a-5plncHOTAIR/~/HK2[258]
miR-124circHIPK3/~/AKT3[25,136]
circ2646/~/PLP2
miR-1294circ 0004370/~/LASP1[260]
miR-140-3pcircNTRK2/~/NRIP1[176,222]
circ0087378/~/E2F3
miR-198circLPAR3/~/C-met[204]
miR-217circZDHHC5/~/ZEB1[80]
miR-27b-3pcircLONP2/~/ZEB1[263]
miR-3612circ_0006948/~/LASP1[163]
miR-422acircUBAP2/~/Rab10[173]
miR-433-3pcirc_0023984/~/REV3L[177]
miR-4766-5pcircPDE3B/~/LAMA1[186]
miR-490-3pcirc_0006948/ ~/HMGA2[192]
miR-497-5pcirc-AGFG1/~/SLC1A5[194]
miR-595circNRIP1/~/SEMA4D[203]
miR-599circHIPK3/~/c-myc[144,205]
circ_0030018/~/ENAH
miR-615-5p circOGDH/~/PDX1[139]
miR-622circ_0001273/~/SLC1A5[138]
miR-670-3pcircABCB10/~[139]
miR-874-3pcirc0000977/~[272]
miR-126DNMT1/~/ADAM9[141]
miR-137CTCF/(DNA methylation) /~/EZH2+PXN[174]
miR-107circSFMBT2/~/SLC1A5 [275,276]
LINC00152/~/Rab10
miR-149-5plnc GACAT3/~/FOXM1[10,277]
circ_0000654/~/IL-6
miR-326LINC01711/~/FSCN1[154,279]
circATIC/~/ID1
miR-377LncNEAT1/~/E2F3[171,280]
circ_0072088/~/VEGF
miR-493LINC00324/~/MAPK1[145,146]
circFIG4/~/E2F3
miR-124-3plncZFAS1/~/STAT3 [31,156]
DNMT1/~/BCAT1 ~/EZH2/H3K27me3
miR-10b-3pDNA methylation; Hypoxia[56,57]
miR-320b DGCR8+METTL3- N6 -methyladenosine (m6A)/~[53]
miR-483-5pIgf2 methylationgene promoter/Igf2/~/ARHGDIA[66]
miR-602CpG hypomethylation/~[54]
miR-515-3pPromoter hypomethylation[12]