Alkaline sphingomyelinase deficiency impairs intestinal mucosal barrier integrity and reduces antioxidant capacity in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis

Table 1 Assessment of the disease activity index scores

Score	Weight loss	Stool consistency	Blood in stool
0	None	Normal pellets	Negative
1	1%-5%	Slight loose but still sharp	Hemoccult positive
2	5%-10%	Loose pellet	Visual slightly bleeding
3	10%-15%	Loose feces and no shape	Obvious bleeding but no adhesion around the anus
4	> 15%	Diarrhea	Gross bleeding and blood incrustation around the anus

Table 2 Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction primers for target genes

Gene	Gene ID	Primer
ZO-1 F	21872	AGCTGCCTCGAACCTCTACTCTAC
ZO-1 R		GCCTGGTGGTGGAACTTGCTC
Occludin F	18260	TGCTTCATCGCTTCCTTAGTAA
Occludin R		GGGTTCACTCCCATTATGTACA
Claudin2 F	12738	GGGCAATCGTACCAACTA
Claudin2 R		CAGTCAGGCTGTATGAGTTG
Claudin3 F	12739	GGCGGCTCTGCTCACCTTA
Claudin3 R		CGTACAACCCAGCTCCCATC
Claudin5 F	12741	TGGTGCTGTGTCTGGTAGGATGG
Claudin5 R		GTCACGATGTTGTGGTCCAGGAAG
Claudin8 F	54420	TGTCTGCCTTCATCGAAAGTAA
Claudin8 R		GGCATGCCTCATACAATTCATC
MUC2 F	17831	TGCTGACGAGTGGTTGGTGAATG
MUC2 R		TGATGAGGTGGCAGACAGGAGAC
Nrf2 F	18024	CGAGATATACGCAGGAGAGGTAAGA
Nrf2 R		GCTCGACAATGTTCTCCAGCTT
HO-1 F	15368	ACCGCCTTCCTGCTCAACATTG
HO-1 R		CTCTGACGAAGTGACGCCATCTG
GSH-Px F	14775	AGGGCTGTGCTGATTGAGAATGTG
GSH-Px R		CTCCTGATGTCCGAACTGGTTGC
GCLc F	14629	ATGTGGACACCCGATGCAGTATT
GCLc R		TGTCTTGCTTGTAGTCAGGATGGTTT
SOD2 F	20656	TCCCAGACCTGCCTTACGACTATG
SOD2 R		CTCCTCGGTGGCGTTGAGATTG
GAPDH F	14433	GGTTGTCTCCTGCGACTTCA
GAPDH R		TGGTCCAGGGTTTCTTACTCC

F: Forward; GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GCLc: Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit; GSH-Px: Glutathione peroxidase; HO-1: Heme oxygenase-1; MUC2: Mucin 2; Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; R: Reverse; SOD: Superoxide; ZO-1: Zonula occludens-1.