Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Gastroenterol. Feb 14, 2023; 29(6): 1076-1089
Published online Feb 14, 2023. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i6.1076
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients in the training and validation cohort
CharacteristicsTrain cohort
Validation cohort
nEGVB (n = 87)
EGVB (n = 62)
nEGVB (n = 36)
EGVB (n = 26)
Sex (Male)54 (62.1%)40 (64.5%)21 (58.3%)16 (61.5%)
Age(yr)55.0 (36.0, 83.0)53.0 (15.0, 79.0)52.0 (10.8)52.9 (12.5)
Etiology
HBV58 (66.7%)38 (61.3%)19 (52.8%)16 (61.5%)
HCV5 (5.7%)6 (9.7%)3 (8.3%)1 (3.8%)
Alcohol4 (4.6%)7 (11.3%)3 (8.3%)3 (11.5%)
Others20 (23.0%)11 (17.7%)11 (30.6%)6 (23.1%)
Portal vein thrombosis5 (5.7%)21 (33.9%)1 (2.8%)8 (30.8%)
Shunt21 (24.1%)21 (33.9%)14(38.9%)9 (34.6%)
HE1 (1.1%)6 (9.7%)0 (0%)2 (7.7%)
Ascites
040 (46.0%)9 (14.5%)13 (36.1%)6 (23.1%)
131 (35.6%)45 (72.6%)22 (61.1%)17 (65.4%)
25 (5.7%)6 (9.7%)1 (2.8%)2 (7.7%)
311 (12.6%)2 (3.2%)0 (0%)1 (3.8%)
Child-Pugh score
A33 (37.9%)16 (25.8%)15 (41.7%)9 (34.6%)
B47 (54.0%)38 (61.3%)17 (47.2%)14 (53.8%)
C7 (8.0%)8 (12.9%)4 (11.1%)3 (11.5%)
PLT (109/L)60.0 (17.0, 186)72.5 (21.0, 245)53.0 (16.0, 192)60.0 (26.0, 208)
PT (s)15.6 (12.4, 24.9)16.1 (11.7, 26.8)16.1 (3.30, 22.3)17.1 (14.1, 31.6)
APTT (s)39.7 (29.5, 57.3)38.9 (30.1, 53.1)41.5 (34.2, 51.0)38.2 (30.7, 63.6)
INR1.22 (0.92, 2.18)1.28 (0.85, 2.51)1.29 (0.98, 1.95)1.39 (1.10, 3.00)
Fib (g/L)2.19 (0.75, 6.09)1.78 (0.60, 5.78)2.11 (0.489)1.80 (0.628)
Albumin (g/L)34.1 (18.4, 46.3)32.3 (21.3, 45.9)33.6 (6.36)30.8 (5.28)
Tbil (μmol/L)21.9 (2.20, 366)16.9 (3.60, 93.0)23.5 (6.40, 414)18.5 (7.00, 76.1)
DBil (μmol /L)9.80 (0.90, 276)8.05 (1.90, 65.9)10.8 (2.30, 306)8.70 (2.70, 38.5)
Prealbumin (mg/L)90.0 (12.0, 220)97.5 (18.0, 246)85.0 (9.00, 268)83.5 (18.0, 221)
ALT (U/L)36.0 (7.00, 345)23.0 (10.0, 85.0)41.0 (14.0, 337)22.5 (10.0, 107)
AST (U/L)47.0 (15.0, 330)29.5 (11.0, 92.0)48.0 (23.0, 319)25.5 (17.0, 121)
SL (mm)130 (89.1, 206)142 (78.8, 200)143 (98.7, 199)139 (109, 205)
SD (mm)144 (82.0, 235)157 (68.8, 299)152 (86.0, 239)174 (109, 222)
ST (mm)45.1 (9.22)52.5 (11.1)48.3 (30.5, 84.5)55.2 (29.9, 64.8)
EGVB: Esophagogastric variceal bleeding; nEGVB: Without the occurrence of esophagogastric variceal bleeding; HE: Hepatic encephalopathy; PLT: Platelet. PT: Prothrombin time; APTT: Activated partial thromboplastin time; INR: International prothrombin ratio; Fib: Fibrinogen; Tbil: Total bilirubin; DBil: Direct bilirubin; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; SL: Spleen upper and lower diameter; SD: Spleen diameter; ST: Spleen thickness.
Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with the presence of esophagogastric variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients
VariablesUnivariate logistic regression
Multivariate logistic egression
OR (95%CI)
P value
OR (95%CI)
P value
Age0.98 (0.949-1.01)0.183--
Albumin0.925 (0.866-0.984)0.010.84 (0.753-0.926)< 0.001
ALT0.962 (0.941-0.984)0.001--
APTT0.945 (0.876-1.01)0.107--
AST0.962 (0.942-0.981)< 0.0010.941 (0.913-0.97)< 0.001
DBil0.968 (0.926-1.01)0.122--
Etiology1.832 (-0.094-3.76)0.661--
Fib0.46 (-0.061-0.982)0.0040.385 (-0.17-0.939)0.001
INR5.613 (4.26-6.97)0.013--
PLT1.007 (0.998-1.02)0.11--
Portal vein thrombosis8.4 (7.36-9.44)< 0.0019.15 (7.78-10.5)0.002
HE9.214 (7.07-11.4)0.042--
Child-Pugh score1.668 (1.07-2.26)1.365--
Ascites6.452 (6.87-6.03)0.853--
Prealbumin1.002 (0.995-1.01)0.525--
PT1.188 (1.05-1.33)0.015--
SD1.01 (1-1.02)0.016--
Sex0.9 (0.223-1.58)0.76--
Shunt1.61 (0.89-2.33)0.195--
SL1.012 (0.999-1.02)0.075--
ST1.078 (1.04-1.12)< 0.0011.056 (1.01-1.1)0.025
Tbil0.979 (0.955-1)0.08--
HE: Hepatic encephalopathy; PLT: Platelet; PT: Prothrombin time; APTT: Activated partial thromboplastin time; INR: International prothrombin ratio; Fib: Fibrinogen; Tbil: Total bilirubin; DBil: Direct bilirubin; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; SL: Spleen upper and lower diameter; SD: Spleen diameter; ST: Spleen thickness.