Radiomics model based on contrast-enhanced computed tomography to predict early recurrence in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after radical resection

Table 1 Clinicopathologic characteristics of patients in the training and validation cohorts

Parameter		Training cohort, n = 277	Validation cohort, n = 125	P value
Gender	Female	40 (14.44)	18 (14.40)	0.991
	Male	237 (85.56)	107 (85.60)
Age (yr)		50.60 ± 11.27	51.92 ± 10.50	0.265
HBsAg	Negative	45 (16.25)	22 (17.60)	0.736
	Positive	232 (83.75)	103 (82.40)
Child-Pugh stage	A	252 (90.97)	116 (92.80)	0.543
	B	25 (9.03)	9 (7.20)
BCLC stage	0 + A	173 (62.45)	83 (66.40)	0.447
	B + C	104 (37.55)	42 (33.60)
Cirrhosis	Absent	22 (7.94)	8 (6.40)	0.586
	Present	255 (92.06)	117 (93.60)
MVI	Absent	162 (58.48)	75 (60.00)	0.775
	Present	115 (41.52)	50 (40.00)
AFP (ng/mL)	≤ 200	130 (46.93)	67 (53.60)	0.204
	> 200	147 (53.07)	58 (46.40)
Tumor size (cm)		7.42 ± 4.51	7.07 ± 4.03	0.464
Platelets (× 109/L)		198.26 ± 94.67	201.52 ± 86.77	0.743
GGT (U/L, median, IQR)		73.90 (41.74, 130.23)	80.35 (46.92, 151.00)	0.198
ALT (U/L, median, IQR)		32.80 (21.11, 51.70)	29.51 (20.50, 48.82)	0.176
AST (U/L, median, IQR)		36.47 (26.75, 53.80)	35.04 (25.90, 51.60)	0.449
TB (mg/dL)		17.41 ± 26.52	17.40 ± 23.84	0.995
DB (mg/dL)		7.99 ± 17.54	8.92 ± 23.26	0.658
ALBI		-2.50 ± 0.47	-2.53 ± 0.42	0.493

HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; BCLC: Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage; MVI: Microvascular invasion; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; IQR: Interquartile range; ALT: Alanine transaminase; AST: Aspartate transaminase; TB: Total bilirubin; DB: Direct bilirubin; ALBI: Albumin-bilirubin.

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses of clinicopathologic characteristics for recurrence-free survival in training cohort with hepatocellular carcinoma

Variable	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	HR	95%CI	P value	HR	95%CI	P value
Rad-score (high vs low) (n)	4.08	2.64-6.24	< 0.001	3.86	2.41-6.16	< 0.001
HBsAg (present vs absent) (n)	1.81	0.97-3.39	0.063
Cirrhosis (present vs absent) (n)	1.84	0.75-4.52	0.183
MVI (present vs absent) (n)	1.83	1.24-2.71	0.002	1.20	0.77-1.85	0.418
AFP (> 200 vs ≤ 200) (ng/mL)	1.73	1.16-2.58	0.007	1.52	1.00-2.30	0.048
Tumor size (cm)	1.05	1.01-1.09	0.005	1.00	0.94-1.04	0.621
Platelets (× 109/L)	1.00	1.00-1.00	0.160
GGT (U/L)	1.02	1.04-1.02	0.034	1.01	1.01-1.00	0.333
DB (mg/dL)	1.00	1.00-1.01	0.928
ALBI	0.96	0.64-1.44	0.838

HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; MVI: Microvascular invasion; AFP: Alpha fetoprotein; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; DB: Direct bilirubin; ALBI: Albumin-bilirubin.