Massive bleeding from gastric submucosal arterial collaterals secondary to splenic artery thrombosis: A case report

Table 1 Summary of case reports reporting acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding from gastric submucosal arterial collaterals secondary to occlusion or congenital absence of the splenic artery

Case	Ref.	Age/sex	Presentation	SAO etiology	Diagnosis	Treatment	Major AEs	Outcome	Follow-up (months)
1	Spriggs[17], 1984	31/M	Hematemesis	SA congenital absence	Angiography	Splenectomy + partial gastrectomy (due to rebleeding)	Severe respiratory distress	Alive–no rebleeding	-
2	Durrans et al[18], 1985	13/M	Hematemesis	SA congenital absence	Angiography	LGA ligation + splenectomy	None	Alive–no rebleeding	-
3	Baron et al[19], 2000	36/M	Hematemesis	Blunt abdominal trauma	Angiography	Splenectomy + partial gastric devascularization	None	Alive–no rebleeding	18
4	Worthley et al[20], 2003	68/F	Melena	Iatrogenic(SA aneurysmectomy)	Angiography	Splenectomy + ligation of SV and SA with LGA and SGA	None	Alive–no rebleeding	-
5	Cyrany et al[21], 2004	59/M	Hematemesis and melena	SAT	CTA + angiography	ECGI	Splenic infarction	Alive–no rebleeding	9
6	Mnatzakanian et al[23], 2008	66/M	Melena	-	CTA + angiography	TAE (coils and pledgets)	None	Alive–no rebleeding	-
7	von Trotha et al[26], 2011	69/M	-	SAT	CTA + angiography + EUS	ECGI + endoscopic clipping + splenectomy and SGA collaterals dissection	Splenic infarction	Alive–no rebleeding	6
8	Saddekni et al[24], 2012	23/F	Hematemesis and melena	Iatrogenic (SA ligation)	CTA + angiography	TAE (coils)	None	Alive–no rebleeding	8
9	Arslan et al[27], 2017	52/M	Hematemesis	SAT	CTA	-	-	Death	-
10	Al-Balas et al[25], 2021	49/M	Hematemesis	SAT	CTA + angiography	TAE (coils) + splenectomy and bleeding gastric vessel ligation (due to rebleeding)	None	Alive–no rebleeding	18
11	Our case	60/M	Hematemesis and melena	SAT	CTA + angiography	Endoscopic clipping + TAE (microspheres)	Splenic infarction	Alive–no rebleeding	12

SAO: Splenic artery occlusion; AEs: Adverse events; SA: Splenic artery; LGA: Left gastric artery; SGA: Short gastric arteries; SAT: Splenic artery thrombosis; CTA: Computed tomography angiography; ECGI: Endoscopic cyanoacrylate glue injection; TAE: Transcatheter arterial embolization; EUS: Endoscopic ultrasound.