Forkhead Box q1 promotes invasion and metastasis in colorectal cancer by activating the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway

Table 1 Oligonucleotide sequences used for real-time polymerase chain reaction

Gene name	Forward (5'→3')	Reverse (5'→3')
FOXQ1	TGACTTCAACAGCGACACCCA	CACCCTGTTGCTGTAGCCAAA
EGFR	AGACGCAGATAGTCGCCCAAAG	TCCATCAGGGCACGGTAGAAG
HB-EGF	CCATGTCTTCGGAAATACAAGGA	CCAGGATGGTTGTGTGGTCA
Akt	AGACGCAGATAGTCGCCCAAAG	TCCATCAGGGCACGGTAGAAG
RAF1	AGACGCAGATAGTCGCCCAAAG	TCCATCAGGGCACGGTAGAAG
KRAS	GTGGACGAATATGATCCAACAATAG	TGCTGTGTCGAGAATATCCAAGAG
GAPDH	GGCAACGGGCTACAGCTTTA	GGCACCCCACATACATAATCAA

Table 2 List of up- and down-regulated genes between DLDL-shFOXQ1 and DLD1-shControl with a fold-change ≥ 2.0 or ≤ -2.0 by using epidermal growth factor/platelet-derived growth factor SuperArray

Symbol	Gene information	Fold change (shFOXQ1/shControl)	P value	FOXQ1 binding sites (TSS: -2k_+1k)
PLAT	Plasminogen activator, tissue	-8.01	0.0375	3
COL1A1	Collagen, type I, alpha 1	-5.72	0.0138	1
ELK1	ELK1, member of ETS oncogene family	-5.45	0.0228	1
BCAR1	Breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 1	-3.97	0.0479	2
PIK3R2	Phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 2	-3.63	0.0197	3
NCK2	NCK adaptor protein 2	-3.51	0.0237	6
JUN	Jun proto-oncogene v-jun	-3.43	0.0077	12
EGR1	Early growth response 1	-3.36	0.0166	11
LTA	Lymphotoxin alpha (TNF superfamily, member 1)	-3.18	0.0796	3
PDGFB	Platelet-derived growth factor beta	-2.91	0.1896	5
STAT3	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (acute-phase response factor)	-2.49	0.0038	6
HB-EGF	Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor	-2.19	0.0278	3
FN1	Fibronectin 1	-2.10	0.0005	6
FASLG	Fas ligand (TNF superfamily, member 6)	-2.08	0.2026	17
HRAS	V-Ha-ras Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog	-2.06	0.0058	2
MAP2K1	Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	-2.02	0.0243	5
AKT3	V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 3	-2.02	0.1440	11
FOS	FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog	-2.01	0.0470	5

Table 3 Correlation between heparin binding epidermal growth factor expression and clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal cancers in cohort of human colorectal cancer tissues

Clinicopathological variables		Cohort tumor HB-EGF expression		P value
		Negative (n = 26)	Positive (n = 39)
Age (yr)		65.72 (10.37)	69.43 (7.98)
Gender	Female	11	23	> 0.05
	Male	14	16
Size of tumor (mm)	≤ 10	5	7	> 0.05
	> 10	21	32
Lymphatic metastasis	Absent	19	19	> 0.05
	Present	7	20
Tumor differentiation	I-II	12	24	> 0.05
	III-IV	14	15
TNM stage	I-II	11	8	> 0.05
	III-IV	15	31
AJCC clinical stage according to 7th issue	1 and 2A	17	24	> 0.05
	3 and 3B	9	15

HB-EGF: Heparin binding epidermal growth factor; AJCC: American Journal of Critical Care.

Table 4 Correlation analysis of forkhead Box q1 and heparin binding epidermal growth factor expression in cohort (n = 65) colorectal cancer tissues

		FOXQ1, negative (n = 31)	FOXQ1, positive (n = 34)	χ2	P value
HB-EGF	Negative (n = 26)	20	6	4.116	< 0.05
	Positive (n = 39)	11	28

FOXQ1: Forkhead Box q1; HB-EGF: Heparin binding epidermal growth factor.