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Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Gastroenterol. Oct 21, 2021; 27(39): 6590-6600
Published online Oct 21, 2021. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i39.6590
Table 1 Receptors/proteases involved in Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 invasion of human cells
Receptor/protease
Experimental model
Observation
Ref.
ACE2 and TMPRSS2/4Human small intestinal enteroids; HEK-293T cell line transfected with ACE2, TMPRSS2, or TMPRSS4Productive infection of SARS-CoV-2 in ACE2 (+) mature enterocytes; Correlation of ACE2, TMPRSS2 and 4 with SARS-CoV-2 invasivenessZang et al[11]
ACE2 and TMPRSS2ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expressing C2BBe1, Caco-2, and Calu-3 cell linesPersistent invasion and replication of SARS-CoV-2 in the cells; Correlation of TMPRSS2 (but not ACE2) with SARS-CoV-2 RNALee et al[33]
ACE2, TMPRSS2, and CCsHEK-293T cell line transfected with ACE2; Caco-2 cells overexpressing TMPRSS2Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus entry into HEK-293T ACE2(+)/TMPRSS2(-) by pH increase and E-64 inhibitor; Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus entry into Caco-2 TMPRSS2(+) by pH increase, CCs inhibitor (E-64d), and TMPRSS2 inhibitor (camostat mesylate)Hoffmann et al[3]
ACE2, TMPRSS 2, 4, 11A, 11D, 11E, and CCs (cathepsin L)HEK-293T cell line transfected with ACE2Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus entry into the cells with CCs inhibitor (E-64d) and cathepsin L inhibitor (but not cathepsin B inhibitor); Intensification of SARS-CoV-2 S protein-mediated cell–cell fusion, caused by expression of TMPRSS 2, 4, 11A, 11D, and 11E on 293/hACE2 cellsOu et al[20]
ACE2 and TMPRSS2ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expressing Caco-2 and T84 cell linesPersistent invasion and replication of SARS-CoV-2 in the cellsStanifer et al[35]
ACE2, furin, TMPRSS2, and CCsACE2-expressing HeLa, Calu-3, and MRC-5 cell linesReduction of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus entry into cells by inhibitors of PCs, CCs and TMPRSS2Shang et al[8]
NRP1, ACE2, and TMPRSS2HEK-293T cell line transfected with ACE2, TMPRSS2, or NRP1Augmentation of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity when NRP1 was coexpressed with ACE2 and TMPRSS2Cantuti-Castelvetri et al[21]