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©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Gastroenterol. Oct 21, 2021; 27(39): 6590-6600
Published online Oct 21, 2021. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i39.6590
Published online Oct 21, 2021. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i39.6590
Table 1 Receptors/proteases involved in Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 invasion of human cells
Receptor/protease | Experimental model | Observation | Ref. |
ACE2 and TMPRSS2/4 | Human small intestinal enteroids; HEK-293T cell line transfected with ACE2, TMPRSS2, or TMPRSS4 | Productive infection of SARS-CoV-2 in ACE2 (+) mature enterocytes; Correlation of ACE2, TMPRSS2 and 4 with SARS-CoV-2 invasiveness | Zang et al[11] |
ACE2 and TMPRSS2 | ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expressing C2BBe1, Caco-2, and Calu-3 cell lines | Persistent invasion and replication of SARS-CoV-2 in the cells; Correlation of TMPRSS2 (but not ACE2) with SARS-CoV-2 RNA | Lee et al[33] |
ACE2, TMPRSS2, and CCs | HEK-293T cell line transfected with ACE2; Caco-2 cells overexpressing TMPRSS2 | Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus entry into HEK-293T ACE2(+)/TMPRSS2(-) by pH increase and E-64 inhibitor; Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus entry into Caco-2 TMPRSS2(+) by pH increase, CCs inhibitor (E-64d), and TMPRSS2 inhibitor (camostat mesylate) | Hoffmann et al[3] |
ACE2, TMPRSS 2, 4, 11A, 11D, 11E, and CCs (cathepsin L) | HEK-293T cell line transfected with ACE2 | Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus entry into the cells with CCs inhibitor (E-64d) and cathepsin L inhibitor (but not cathepsin B inhibitor); Intensification of SARS-CoV-2 S protein-mediated cell–cell fusion, caused by expression of TMPRSS 2, 4, 11A, 11D, and 11E on 293/hACE2 cells | Ou et al[20] |
ACE2 and TMPRSS2 | ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expressing Caco-2 and T84 cell lines | Persistent invasion and replication of SARS-CoV-2 in the cells | Stanifer et al[35] |
ACE2, furin, TMPRSS2, and CCs | ACE2-expressing HeLa, Calu-3, and MRC-5 cell lines | Reduction of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus entry into cells by inhibitors of PCs, CCs and TMPRSS2 | Shang et al[8] |
NRP1, ACE2, and TMPRSS2 | HEK-293T cell line transfected with ACE2, TMPRSS2, or NRP1 | Augmentation of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity when NRP1 was coexpressed with ACE2 and TMPRSS2 | Cantuti-Castelvetri et al[21] |
- Citation: Berdowska I, Matusiewicz M. Cathepsin L, transmembrane peptidase/serine subfamily member 2/4, and other host proteases in COVID-19 pathogenesis – with impact on gastrointestinal tract. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27(39): 6590-6600
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v27/i39/6590.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v27.i39.6590