Hepatitis B virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma in sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for elimination of viral hepatitis by 2030?

Table 1 Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen among pre- vs post-hepatitis B vaccine introduction populations in some sub-Saharan African countries

Country	Year of hepatitis B vaccine introduction1	Prevalence of HBsAg (%)
		Pre-vaccine introduction	Post-vaccine introduction
			< 15-yr-olds	≥ 15-yr-olds
Burundi	2004	11.0[15]	2.6[16]	1.0-4.6[17]
Democratic Republic of Congo	2007	> 20.7[18]	2.2[19]	3.7[19]
Ethiopia	2007	11.0[20]	4.4[21]	7.4[22]
Gambia	1990	20.0[23]	0.4[24]	10.0[25]
Kenya	2002	11.4[26]	0.9[16]	3.4[27]
Mali	2003	> 8.7[28]	4.9[16]	8.5[16]
Mozambique	2001	14.6[29]	3.7[16]	4.5[30]
Namibia	2009	14.0[31]	2.7[32]	1.8[33]
Nigeria	2004	13.3[34]	11.5[35]	8.2[36]
Rwanda	2002	Approximately 5.0[37]	1.7[16]	2.2[38]
Senegal	2004	11.8[39]	1.6[40]	> 11.0[41]
South Africa	1995	9.6[15]	0.4[42]	4.0[43]
Uganda	2002	10.3[44]	0.6[45]	4.1[45]
Zimbabwe	2000	15.4[46]	4.4[16]	3.3[47]

¹The year the hepatitis B vaccine was introduced into national Expanded Programme on Immunization. HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen.