Clinical characteristics of patients in their forties who underwent surgical resection for colorectal cancer in Korea

Table 1 Patient characteristics

	30s (n = 120)	40s (n = 451)	50s (n = 1044)	P value1	P value2	P value3	P value4
Sex, male (%)	55.0	56.8	65.7	0.730	0.001	0.020	0.001
Co-morbidity (%)	28.3	37.3	52.9	0.070	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Endocrine	3.3	9.5	14.3	0.028	0.012	0.001	< 0.001
CVD	2.5	11.8	29.8	0.002	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Pulmonary	5.8	3.5	6.3	0.259	0.031	0.835	0.096
Other	20.8	21.1	20.6	0.956	0.837	0.951	0.979
ASA score (%)				0.079	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
1	47.5	40.8	30.4
2	50.8	56.3	66.3
3	0	2.0	2.4
4	0	0.2	0.1
5	0	0	0.1
Unknown	0.8	0.7	0.8
BMI, mean (kg/m2)	23.2	23.3	23.7	0.899	0.023	0.143	0.049
Tumor location (%)				0.975	0.061	0.268	0.126
Right-sided colon	20.0	16.0	20.9
Left-sided colon	21.7	29.0	27.7
Rectum	55.8	53.4	50.0
Multiple	2.5	1.6	1.5
CEA, median (ng/mL)	1.8	2.5	2.1	0.497	0.615	0.190	0.462
CA, median 19-9 (IU/mL)	11.1	12.6	11.3	0.215	0.527	0.887	0.781
Neoadjuvant treatment (%)	26.7	25.5	15.3	0.795	< 0.001	0.002	< 0.001
Preoperative complication (%)	14.2	17.3	12.9	0.678	0.910	0.637	0.883
Treatment	3.3	7.8	5.8	0.378	0.327	0.706	0.517

¹30s vs 40s.

²40s vs 50s.

³30s vs 50s.

⁴30s vs 40s vs 50s. CVD: Cardiovascular disease; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI: Body mass index; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen.

Table 2 Operative data

	30s (n = 120)	40s (n = 451)	50s (n = 1044)	P value1	P value2	P value3	P value4
Emergency (%)	5.0	2.4	1.8	0.143	0.434	0.023	0.077
Operation type (%)				0.931	0.023	0.155	0.043
Laparoscopy	55.8	59.2	70.1
Robot	35.8	31.2	21.6
Open	5.8	6.2	4.0
Conversion	1.7	1.5	2.0
Transanal	0.8	1.8	2.2
Operation procedure (%)				0.847	0.914	0.897	0.983
Lesional (CME, TME)	93.3	95.6	96.1
Total (TAC, TPC)	5.0	1.8	1.1
Multiple	0	0.7	0.3
Limited (Segmental, TAE, TAMIS)	1.7	2.0	2.6
Combined operation (%)	15	15.7	10.7	0.835	0.008	0.172	0.021
Permanent colostomy (%)	3.3	4.9	3.1	0.472	0.085	0.872	0.222
Operative time, median (min)	200	205	190	0.476	0.026	0.571	0.078
EBL, mean (mL)	69.4	92.9	100.0	0.331	0.685	0.316	0.555

¹30s vs 40s.

²40s vs 50s.

³30s vs 50s.

⁴30s vs 40s vs 50s. CME: Complete mesocolic excision; TME: Total mesorectal excision; TAC: Total abdominal colectomy; TPC: Total proctocolectomy; TAE: Transanal excision; TAMIS: Transanal minimally invasive surgery; EBL: Estimated blood loss.

Table 3 Pathology data

	30s (n = 120)	40s (n = 451)	50s (n = 1044)	P value1	P value2	P value3	P value4
pT (%)				0.251	0.986	0.214	0.446
Tis	6.7	5.8)	8.1
T0	5.0	4.0	4.0
T1	9.2	6.4	10.8
T2	12.5	12.0	13.6
T3	55.0	62.5	54.8
T4	11.7	9.3	8.3
Unknown	0	0	0.3
pN (%)				0.419	0.289	0.831	0.521
N0	56.7	50.8	57.2
N1	24.2	28.2	25.3
N2	16.7	17.7	14.1
Unknown	2.5	3.3	3.4
Positive LN, mean (n)	1.9	1.8	1.8	0.709	0.960	0.803	0.958
Retrieved LN, mean (n)	34	29	27	0.030	0.015	< 0.001	< 0.001
M (%)				0.438	0.003	0.386	0.012
M0	81.7	78.3	84.8
M1	17.5	21.1	14.9
Unknown	0.8	0.7	0.3
Stage (%)				0.138	< 0.001	0.613	0.002
0	11.7	8.6	11.3
1	15.8	13.1	18.6
2	28.3	27.1	25.7
3	26.7	29.3	28.3
4	17.5	21.1	14.8
Unknown	0	0.9	1.3
Tumor size, mean (cm)	4.9	4.7	4.3	0.797	0.079	0.207	0.125
PRM, mean (cm)	19.2	16.6	16.3	0.044	0.699	0.395	0.530
DRM, mean (cm)	6.7	6.0	6.8	0.431	0.205	0.690	0.412
CRM, mean (cm)	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.856	0.834	0.681	0.927
Differentiation (%)				0.279	0.670	0.155	0.347
Well	22.5	17.5	18.6
Moderate	56.7	68.3	67.0
Poor	5.0	2.9	2.4
Mucinous	7.5	5.1	4.7
Signet ring cell	0.8	0	0.3
Etc.	0.8	0	0.1
Unknown	6.7	6.2	6.9
Venous invasion (%)	8.3	5.1	4.9	0.159	0.893	0.101	0.254
Lymphatic invasion (%)	20.0	15.3	16.8	0.194	0.432	0.365	0.415
Perineural invasion (%)	13.3	9.5	7.9	0.199	0.297	0.036	0.094
IHC (% positive)
EGFR	53/63 (84.1)	210/274 (76.6)	506/673 (75.2)	0.197	0.636	0.113	0.275
CDX-2	23/24 (95.8)	84/87 (96.6)	236/239 (98.7)	0.869	0.194	0.268	0.338
P53	50/52 (96.2)	217/223 (97.3)	549/572 (96.0)	0.657	0.369	0.951	0.668
MLH-1	31/33 (93.9)	162/165 (98.2)	398/407 (97.8)	0.158	0.767	0.174	0.326
MSH-2	33/33 (100)	165/165 (100)	403/408 (98.8)	-	0.154	0.524	0.295
MSH-6	24/24 (100)	118/120 (98.3)	292/295 (98.9)	0.528	0.583	0.621	0.738
PMS-2	19/20 (95)	97/100 (97)	240/249 (96.4)	0.652	0.777	0.754	0.899
BRAF	3/19 (15.8)	3/63 (4.8)	7/180 (3.9)	0.108	0.765	0.024	0.076
Molecular test (% wild-type)
K-ras	17/33 (51.5)	92/138 (66.7)	152/274 (55.5)	0.105	0.029	0.667	0.064
N-ras	20/21 (95.2)	90/95 (94.7)	193/200 (96.5)	0.926	0.475	0.770	0.768
Braf	12/12 (100)	51/53 (96.2)	93/97 (95.9)	0.502	0.917	0.478	0.778
MSI
MSS	14/18 (77.8)	59/67 (88.1)	142/163 (87.1)	0.271	0.846	0.278	0.506
MSI-L	1/18 (5.6)	2/67 (3.0)	15/163 (9.2)	0.605	0.102	0.607	0.248
MSI-H	3/18 (16.7)	6/67 (9.0)	6/163 (3.7)	0.351	0.103	0.016	0.046

¹30s vs 40s.

²40s vs 50s.

³30s vs 50s.

⁴30s vs 40s vs 50s. LN: Lymph node; PRM: Proximal resection margin; DRM: Distal resection margin; CRM: Circumferential resection margin; IHC: Immunohistochemistry; EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor; MSI: Microsatellite instability.

Table 4 Postoperative data

	30s (n = 120)	40s (n = 451)	50s (n = 1044)	P value1	P value2	P value3	P value4
Gas, median (d)	2	2	2	0.217	0.261	0.408	0.322
Stool, median (d)	2	2	3	0.995	0.002	0.071	0.004
Feed, median (d)	2	2	2	0.569	0.655	0.736	0.827
Postoperative hospital stays, median (d)	8	8	8	0.545	0.748	0.656	0.834
Postoperative complication (%)	27.5	25.9	23.1	0.731	0.235	0.281	0.339
Leakage	5.0	6.0	6.6	0.681	0.652	0.497	0.747
Intraabdominal abscess	3.3	2.4	1.6	0.587	0.289	0.184	0.319
Wound infection	2.5	1.3	1.2	0.361	0.893	0.264	0.532
Ileus	11.7	10.4	8.4	0.695	0.218	0.235	0.299
Bleeding	2.5	0.7	1.0	0.080	0.576	0.128	0.194
Stoma related	0	0.4	0.2	0.466	0.387	0.632	0.569
Pulmonary	0.8	1.1	0.9	0.793	0.650	0.974	0.896
Cardiovascular	0	0	0.2	-	0.353	0.632	0.579
Nephrology	0	0.4	0.2	0.466	0.387	0.632	0.569
Voiding	0.8	0.4	0.8	0.600	0.482	0.937	0.768
Chyle	3.3	3.8	4.0	0.822	0.817	0.714	0.921
Other	3.3	2.4	2.4	0.587	0.959	0.533	0.821
Reoperation (%)	1.7	2.4	3.6	0.615	0.232	0.262	0.297
Postoperative mortality (%)	0	0.4	0.3	0.466	0.632	0.557	0.722
Adjuvant treatment (%)	60.8	66.3	58.1	0.370	0.002	0.389	0.007
Chemotherapy	58.3	63.9	56.3	0.357	0.009	0.618	0.032
Radiotherapy	2.5	2.4	1.8	0.946	0.429	0.580	0.679
Recurrence (%)	15.8	20.2	16.4	0.187	0.088	0.657	0.168
Local	0.8	2.2	2.4	0.328	0.835	0.273	0.548
Systemic	6.7	6.9	6.8	0.870	0.837	0.956	0.975
Progression	8.3	11.8	7.8	0.318	0.019	0.824	0.061
Death (%)	11.7	12.4	8.7	0.824	0.027	0.286	0.074
Follow-up duration, median(mo)	26.7	25.6	24.8	0.694	0.819	0.579	0.850

¹30s vs 40s.

²40s vs 50s.

³30s vs 50s.

⁴30s vs 40s vs 50s.