Local ablation of pancreatic tumors: State of the art and future perspectives

Table 1 Sample size, overall survival, major complication rate, minor complication rate, and mortality rate in pancreatic cancer treated with radiofrequency ablation

Ref.	Sample size	Overall survival	Major complication rate	Minor complication rate	Mortality rate
D'Onofrio et al[28], 2016	51	-	-	-	-
D'Onofrio et al[29], 2017	18	Median, 185 d (range, 62-398 d)	0%	0%	0%
Giardino et al[30], 2013	168	34.0 mo	3.70%	17.70%	1.80%
Hadjicostas et al[31], 2006	4	6 mo	0%	25%	0%
Kallis et al[33], 2015	23	226 d (range, 140-526 d)	0%	4.30%	0%
Song et al[37], 2016	6	NR	0%	33.30%	0%
Spiliotis et al[38], 2007	25	33 mo	0%	-	0%
Varshney et al[39], 2006	3	-	0%	66.70%	0%
Zou et al[41], 2010	32	17.5 mo	3.10%	0%	0%
Giardino et al[44], 2017	10	NR	30%	0%	0%
D’Onofrio et al[46], 2020	35	310 (65–718) d	0%	0%	0%
Wang et al[48], 2020	11	12 mo	0%	0%	0%
He et al[50], 2020	18	1-yr 40.5%; 2-yr 27.0%	22.20%	50%	0%
Fegrachi et al[52], 2019	17	9 mo (range, 5-11 mo)	6%	24%	0%

NR: Not reported.

Table 2 Sample size, overall survival, major complication rate, minor complication rates, and mortality rate in pancreatic cancer treated with microwave ablation

Ref.	Sample size	Overall survival	Major complication rate	Minor complication rate	Mortality rate
Carrafiello et al[59], 2013	10	80% at 1 yr	10%	20%	0%
Ierardi et al[60], 2018	5	-	0%	20%	0%
Vogl et al[61], 2017	20	-	0%	9.10%	0%

Table 3 Sample size, overall survival, major complication rate, minor complication rate, and mortality rate in pancreatic cancer treated with irreversible electroporation

Ref.	Sample size	Overall survival	Major complication rate	Minor complication rate	Mortality rate
Vroomen et al[14], 2017	25	-	8%	20%	0%
Martin et al[19], 2015	200	24.9 mo (range, 4.9–85 mo)	18.50%	50,5%	2%
Martin et al[20], 2013	54	20 mo	24%	55,5%	2%
Lambert et al[23], 2016	21	10.2 mo	23.80%	-	0%
Yan et al[24], 2016	25	-	36%	16%	0%
Scheffer et al[26], 2017	25	11 mo	40%	40%	0%
Ruarus et al[65], 2020	50	11.6 mo (no induction chemotherapy or gemcitabine-based induction chemotherapy) and 14.9 mo (FOLFIRINOX)	42%	28%	2%
van Veldhuisen et al[66], 2020	30	17.0 (range, 5-35 mo)	20%	23%	0%
Narayananet al[67], 2017	50	27 mo	20%	-	0%
Liu et al[68], 2019	54	16.2 and 20.3 mo in the IRE and IRE + chemo groups	7.40%	81%	0%

IRE: Irreversible electroporation.

Table 4 Sample size, overall survival, major complication rates, minor complication rate, and mortality rate in pancreatic cancer treated with Electrochemotherapy

Ref.	Sample size	Overall survival	Major complication rate	Minor complication rate	Mortality rate
Granata et al[11], 2015	13	-	0%	23%	0%
Granata et al[12], 2017	19	-	-	-	-
Granata et al[71], 2020	25	In fixed geometry, treated patients 6 mo (range, 1-74 mo); in variable geometry treated patients 12 mo (range, 2-50 mo)	0%	23%	0%