Quinone oxidoreductase 1 is overexpressed in gastric cancer and associated with outcome of adjuvant chemotherapy and survival

Table 1 Clinical characteristic of the gastric cancer patients

Clinical parameter	Number of cases (n)	(%)
Age group	Range (26-84, mean = 58.9)
< 60 yr	83	47.43
≥ 60 yr	92	52.57
Sex
Male	124	70.86
Female	51	29.14
Tumor size (cm)
< 5	63	36.00
≥ 5	99	56.57
Unknown	13	7.43
Tumor location
Fundus	40	22.86
Body	44	25.14
Antral	82	46.68
Whole	4	2.29
Unknown	5	2.85
TNM stage
I II	69	39.43
III IV	102	58.29
Unknown	4	2.28
Tumor depth
T1/T2	33	18.86
T3/T4	139	79.43
Unknown	3	1.71
Lymph node metastasis
Yes	43	24.57
No	123	70.29
Unknown	9	5.14
Vascular invasion
Yes	19	10.86
No	156	89.14
Histological Differentiation
Poor	20	11.43
Moderate	44	25.14
Well	111	63.43
Surgical type
Complete resection	67	38.29
Distal resection	83	47.43
Proximal resection	14	8.00
Partial resection	1	0.57
Unknown	10	5.71
Chemotherapy
Adjuvant chemotherapy	84	48.00
Without chemotherapy	80	45.71
Unknown	11	6.29

Table 2 Association of quinine oxidoreductase 1 expression with clinical and pathological features of gastric patients

Clinical parameter	NQO1 expression
	High (%)	Low (%)	P value
Age (yr)			0.92
< 60	34 (40.96)	49 (59.04)
≥ 60	37 (40.22)	55 (59.78)
Gender
Male	48 (38.71)	76 (61.29)
Female	23 (45.10)	28 (54.90)
Tumor size (cm)			0.81
< 5	23 (36.51)	40 (63.49)
≥ 5	38 (38.38)	61 (61.62)
Tumor location			0.19
Fundus	18 (40.91)	26 (59.09)
Body	11 (27.50)	29 (72.50)
Antral	34 (41.46)	48 (58.54)
Whole	3 (75.00)	1(25.00)
Tumor staging			0.06
I/II	22 (31.88)	47 (68.12)
III/IV	47 (46.08)	55 (53.92)
Tumor depth			0.37
T1 T2	11 (33.33)	22 (66.67)
T3 T4	58 (41.73)	81 (58.27)
Lymph node metastasis
Yes	12 (27.91)	31 (72.09)
No	54 (43.90)	69 (56.10)
Vascular invasion			0.72
Yes	7 (36.84)	12 (63.16)
No	64 (41.03)	92 (58.97)
Histological differentiation			0.57
Poor	8 (40.00)	12 (60.00)
Moderate	15 (34.10)	29 (65.90)
Well	48 (43.24)	63 (56.76)

According to Table 1, the total case number is 162 based on tumor size, 170 based on tumor location, 171 based on tumor stage, and 172 based on tumor depth.

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic factors in gastric cancer patient

Clinical factor		1Univariate			Multivariate
	P value	HR	95%CI	P value	HR	95%CI
Interval
Age (< 60/≥ 60)
	-	-	-	0.01	1.90	1.20-3.02
Gender (male/female)
	-	-	-	0.96	1.03	0.62-1.66
Tumor size (< 5/≥ 5 cm)
	< 0.001	1.75	1.10-2.87	0.40	1.00	0.76-2.25
Tumor location
Proximal		1 (Reference)			1 (Reference)
Body	0.67	1.13	0.65-1.94	0.82	1.06	0.59-1.95
Distal	0.09	0.7	0.43-1.15	0.11	0.69	0.41-1.19
Whole2	-	-	-	-	-	-
Tumor stage (III, IV/I, II)
	< 0.001	3.11	1.96-5.09	< 0.001	2.64	1.56-4.61
Histological differentiation
Well		1 (Reference)			1 (Reference)
Moderate	0.3	1.58	0.68-4.30	0.62	1.26	0.53-3.48
Poor	0.07	2.03	0.96-5.23	0.15	1.79	0.83-4.67
NQO1 (high/low)
	0.01	1.73	1.16-2.58	0.05	1.56	1.01-2.40

¹Adjusted for age and gender.

²Patients in whole were not included due to too few cases (n = 4). NQO1: Quinine oxidoreductase 1; CI: Confidence interval; HR: Hazard ratio.