Mucosal lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract in patients with ulcerative colitis: A review

Table 1 Upper gastrointestinal endoscopic and microscopic presentations in ulcerative colitis

Classification	Presentations of UGI in UC
Endoscopy		Erythema
		Edema
		Inconspicuous vascular morphology
		Granularity
		Friability
		Oral ulcers, superficial ulcers
		Bamboo joint-like appearance
		White spots
		Purulent deposits
Microscopy	Esophagus	Esophageal ulcers
		Esophagitis
		Unspecified/nonspecific
	Stomach	Unspecified chronic gastritis
		Lymphocytic gastritis
		FEG
		Ulcers
	Duodenum	Diffuse chronic duodenitis in the presence of mucosal dilatation
		Structural deformation
		Intraepithelial lymphocytic disease with normal mucosal structure

UGI: Upper gastrointestinal; UC: Ulcerative colitis; FEG: Focally enhanced gastritis.

Table 2 Clinical characteristics of esophageal ulcer complicated with ulcerative colitis

Case No.	Ref.	Age	Gender	Duration of UC	Esophageal ulcer	Location	Symptoms	Treatment
1	Margoles et al[23], 1961	28	M	17 yr	Web formation	Middle esophagus	No	NA
2	Knudsen et al[36], 1967	15	M	2 yr	Severe esophagitis	Lower esophagus	Parasternal chest pain and dysphagia	PSL
3	Rosendorff et al[35], 1967	23	M	5 yr	Shallow ulceration with gross diffuse irregularity	Middle and lower esophagus	Dysphagia	PSL
4	Christopher et al[37], 1969	21	F	0	Active ulcerative esophagitis	NA	NA	NA
5	Christopher et al[37], 1969	19	M	0	Marked ulcerative esophagitis	NA	Substenal pain and dysphagia	NA
6	Christopher et al[37], 1969	26	M	2 mo	Esophageal ulcerations with perforaton into theanterior mediastinum	NA	Dysphagia, fever, hypotension	NA
7	Christopher et al[37], 1969	14	F	5 yr	Necrotizing fibrinopurulent ulceration	NA	NA	NA
8	Christopher et al[37], 1969	24	M	9 yr	Ulcerative and membranous esophagitis	NA	Nausea, vomiting and hematemesis	NA
9	Zimmerman et al[38], 1984	21	M	3 yr	Multiple friable ulcerations	Whole esophagus	Severe odynophagia and dysphagia	PSL, tetracycline
10	Konishi et al[40], 1998	47	F	0	Multiple irregular esophageal ulcers	Whole esophagus	Anterior chest pain and dysphagia	5ASA, H2blocker
11	Asakawa et al[44], 2000	18	F	7 yr	Longitudinal esophageal ulcer with hemorrhage	Middle and lower esophagus	Sore throat and pain on swallowing	PSL
12	Ikeda et al[42], 2000	18	M	1 yr	Punched-out esophageal ulcer	Middle esophagus	Sore throat and anterior chest pain	PSL
13	Higashi et al[41], 2004	19	M	0	Punched-out esophageal ulcer	Middle esophagus	General fatigue	PSL, SASP
14	Sato et al[45], 2005	33	M	0	Punched-out esophageal ulcer	Middle and lower esophagus	Anterior chest pain and dysphagia	PPI
15	Izawa et al[39], 2015	52	F	3 yr	Punched-out esophageal ulcer	Middle esophagus	Anterior chest pain on swallowing	PSL
16	Kuroki et al[43], 2019	47	M	3 yr	Necrosis	Lower esophagus	Epigastric pain	PPI
17	Kuroki et al[43], 2019	53	M	NA	Necrosis	Middle and lower esophagus	Hematemesis	PPI
18	Tominaga et al[24], 2020	16	F	0	An esophageal ulcer with aphthae	Middle esophagus	Chest pain	PSL
19	Tominaga et al[24], 2020	19	F	0	Longitudinal esophageal ulcer	Low esophagus	Chest pain on swallowing	PSL
20	Ours	24	M	1 yr	Multiple ulcerative lesions	Multiple lesions	Burning sensation	Remicade

UC: Ulcerative colitis; NA: Not available; PSL: Prednisolone; SASP: Salazosulfapyridine; 5-ASA: 5-aminosalicylic acid; PPI: Proton pump inhibitor.