Effect of probiotics on length of hospitalization in mild acute pancreatitis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants

Parameter	Probiotics (n = 64)	Placebo (n = 64)	P value
Age (yr) (mean ± SD)	50.25 ± 16.79	54.72 ± 14.86	0.16
Sex (female)	24 (37%)	22 (34%)	0.71
BMI (mean ± SD)	25.75 ± 3.40	26.29 ± 2.82	0.33
CRP (mg/L) (mean ± SD)	57.32 ± 28.21	52.55 ± 24.47	0.31
Charlson score	3.02 ± 1.12	2.96 ± 0.29	0.32
Disease etiology
Gallstones-related	30 (46%)	34 (53%)	0.48
Hypertriglyceridemia	11 (17%)	10 (16%)	0.81
Alcohol-related	9 (14%)	6 (9%)	0.41
Others or unknown	12 (19%)	12 (19%)	1.0
Time from first symptoms to admission (d)	2 (1–4)	3 (1–5)	0.10
Follow-up period (d)	31.67 ± 1.97	31.32 ± 2.13	0.33

BMI: Body mass index; CRP: C-reactive protein.

Table 2 Comparison of secondary endpoints between probiotics and placebo groups

	Probiotics (n = 64)	Placebo (n = 64)	P value
Time to successful oral feeding (d, mean ± SD)	4.56 ± 1.13	5.37 ± 1.13	< 0.01
Rate of recurrent abdominal pain	6 (9%)	9 (14%)	0.41
Time to abdominal pain relief (d, mean ± SD)	2.98 ± 0.74	4.14 ± 1.32	< 0.01
30-d readmissions	1 (1.5%)	1 (1.5%)	1
Mortality	0	0

Table 3 Comparison of side effects between probiotics and placebo groups

	Probiotics (n = 64)	Placebo (n = 64)	P value
Exacerbating abdominal discomfort	12	9	0.47
Abdominal pain	3	2	1
Nausea	3	4	1
Vomiting	1	1	1
Flatulence	5	2	0.44
Diarrhea	0	0
Anaphylactic reaction	0	0
Probiotic-related infections	0	0
Lactic acidosis	0	0