Risk of hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients with autoimmune diseases undergoing non-tumor necrosis factor-targeted biologics

Table 1 The risk of hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients treated with interleukin-12/23 or interleukin-23 inhibitors

Ref.	Number of HBV patients	HBV status	Disease	Drugs	Prophylaxis	Follow-up	HBV reactivation
Ting et al[27], 2018	54	(1) 10 CHB; and (2) 44 resolved HBV. HBV-DNA at baseline (-)	Psoriasis	Ustekinumab	Yes: 2 patients with CHB	24 mo	(1) 2 patients with CHB without prophylaxis. (no hepatitis); and (2) 1 patient with resolved HBV (mild hepatitis)
Solay et al[5], 2018	29	29 resolved HBV. HBV-DNA at baseline (-)	Psoriasis/HS/AS/RA/CD	Ustekinumab (n = 7)	NA	22 wk	1 patient with psoriasis without prophylaxis (no data regarding hepatitis)
Sanz-Bueno et al[68], 2015	20	20 resolved HBV. HBV-DNA at baseline (-) but viral load was assessed in 7 of 20 patients	Psoriasis	Ustekinumab (n = 6)	No	40 mo	0
Chiu et al[28], 2013	14	(1) 11 CHB; and (2) 3 resolved HBV. HBV-DNA at baseline was not available	Psoriasis	Ustekinumab	Yes: 4 patients with CHB	10 mo	(1) 2 patients with CHB without prophylaxis (No hepatitis); and (2) 0
Navarro et al[69], 2013	5	5 CHB	Psoriasis	Ustekinumab (n = 1)	Yes	25 mo	0
Hayashi et al[70], 2014	5	5 resolved HBV. HBV-DNA at baseline was not available	Psoriasis	Ustekinumab	No	52 wk	0
Koskinas et al[41], 2013	1	Resolved HBV. HBV-DNA at baseline was not available	Psoriasis	Ustekinumab	No	16 mo	1 with hepatitis (ALT 65 IU/mL)
Steglich et al[71], 2014	1	Resolved HBV. HBV-DNA at baseline (-)	Psoriasis	Ustekinumab	Yes	36 mo	0
Duncan et al[43], 2019	1	Resolved HBV. HBV-DNA at baseline was not available	Palmoplantar Psoriasis	Guselkumab	No	12 mo	0

If a study included both of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and those with resolved HBV, we labeled the former with (1) and the latter with (2) in the column with HBV status. HBV: Hepatitis B virus; AS: Ankylosing spondylitis; CD: Crohn’s disease; CHB: Chronic HBV; HS: Hidradenitis suppurativa; RA: Rheumatoid arthritis; NA: Not available; ALT: Alanine transaminase.

Table 2 The risk of hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients with interleukin-17 inhibitors

Ref.	Number of HBV patients	HBV status	Disease	Drugs	Prophylaxis	Follow-up	HBV reactivation
Chiu et al[52], 2018	49	(1) 25 CHB; and (2) 24 resolved HBV. HBV-DNA at baseline (-) in 11 patients with resolved HBV	Psoriasis	Secukinumab	Yes: 3 patients with CHB	3 mo	(1) 6 patients with CHB without prophylaxis. (no hepatitis); and (2) 1 patient with resolved HBV with positive viral load at baseline (no hepatitis)
Moneva-Leniz et al[72], 2020	4	(1) 2 CHB; and (2) 2 resolved HBV. HBV-DNA at baseline (-)	Psoriasis/palmoplantar psoriasis	Secukinumab	Yes: 1 patient with CHB and 1 patient with resolved HBV	20 mo	(1) 0; and (2) 0
Feaster et al[73], 2018	1	A carrier of congenital HBV infection1	Psoriasis and PsA	Secukinumab	No	24 mo	0
Bevans et al[74], 2018	1	Seropositive hepatitis1	Palmoplantar psoriasis and AS	Secukinumab	No	14 mo	0
Yanagihara et al[75], 2017	1	CHB	Psoriasis vulgaris	Secukinumab	Yes	9 mo	0
Peccerillo et al[76], 2018	1	Resolved HBV. HBV-DNA at baseline (-)	Psoriasis	Secukinumab	Yes	14 mo	0
Koike et al[53], 2019	1	CHB	Psoriasis and PsA	Ixekizumab	Yes	18 mo	0
Lora et al[54], 2019	1	Resolved HBV. HBV-DNA at baseline (-)	Psoriasis	Ixekizumab	Yes	12 mo	0

¹A diagnosis in an article was used due to lack of data regarding hepatitis B virus (HBV) serology and viral load. If a study included both of patients with chronic HBV and those with resolved HBV, we labeled the former with (1) and the latter with (2) in the column with HBV status. HBV: Hepatitis B virus; AS: Ankylosing spondylitis; CHB: Chronic HBV; PsA: Psoriatic arthritis.

Table 3 The risk of hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients with Janus kinase inhibitors

Ref.	Number of HBV patients	Serology for HBV infectious	Disease	Drugs	Prophylaxis	Follow-up	HBV reactivation
Chen et al[66], 2018	81	(1) 6 CHB; and (2) 75 resolved HBV. HBV-DNA at baseline (-) but viral load was assessed in 53 patients with resolved HBV	RA	Tofacitinib	Yes: 2 patients with CHB	3-6 mo	(1) 2 patients with CHB without prophylaxis (1 patient developed hepatitis); and (2) 0
Serling-Boyd et al[67], 2021	8	8 resolved HBV. HBV-DNA was assessed in 6 patients, but viral loads were not available	7 RA, 1 PsA	Tofacitinib	Yes: 2 patients	3.1 yr	0
Harigai et al[62], 2020	215	215 resolved HBV. HBV-DNA (-) at baseline in 30 patients with resolved HBV who had detectable post-baseline HBV-DNA	RA	Baricitinib	NA	2.7 yr	8 patients with resolved HBV had HBV-DNA ≥ 29 IU/mL (4 patients med the criteria of HBVr in this study, no hepatitis)

If a study included both of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and those with resolved HBV, we labeled the former with (1) and the latter with (2) in the column with HBV status. HBV: Hepatitis B virus; CHB: Chronic HBV; PsA: Psoriatic arthritis; RA: Rheumatoid arthritis; NA: Not available; HBVr: Hepatitis B virus reactivation.