Modern surgical strategies for perianal Crohn's disease

Table 1 The results of long-term seton procedures

Ref.	Year	n	Follow-up, mo (range)	Recurrence (%)
William et al[15]	1991	55	54 (6-120)	0
Thornton et al[16]	2005	28	13 (2-81)	21
Takesue et al[17]	2002	32	62 (25-133)	3 (33)
Galis-Rozen et al[18]	2010	17	8 (6-9)	40

Table 2 The results of flap procedures

Ref.	Year	n	Healing (%)	Recurrence (R) or incontinence (I) (%)
Van Koperen et al[20]	2009	9	45	55 (R)
Soltani et al[21]	2010	91	64	9.4 (I)
Church et al[22]	2011	19	87	NR
Roper et al[23]	2019	39	92,6	19.5 (R)
Stellingwerf et al[24]	2019	64	61	7.8 (I)
Praag et al[25]	2019	21	60	19 (R) 15.8 (I)

NR: Not reported.

Table 3 The results of ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract procedures

Ref.	Year	n	Healing (%)	Recurrence (R) or incontinence (I) (%)
Gingold et al[27]	2014	15	60	40 (R)
Kaminski et al[28]	2017	23	48	52 (R)
Praag et al[25]	2019	19	89.5	21.1 (R), 21.4 (I)
Stellingwerf et al[24]	2019	64	53	1.6 (I)

Table 4 The results of fibrin glue and plug procedures

Ref.	Year	n	Healing (%)	Recurrence (%)
Champagne et al[32]	2006	20	80	20
Schwandner et al[33]	2009	9	77	23
Ellis et al[34]	2010	12	66	34
Cintron et al[35]	2013	8	50	50
Herold et al[36]	2016	4	25	75

Table 5 The results of video-assisted anal fistula treatment procedures

Ref.	Year	n	Healing (%)	Recurrence (R) Incontinence (I) (%)
Schwandner et al[37]	2013	13	82	0 (I)
Garg et al[38]	2017	786	76	0 (I)
Adegbola et al[39]	2018	25	84	NR
Emili et al[40]	2018	788	54,3	17.7 (R)

NR: Not reported.

Table 6 The results of fistula-tract laser closure procedures

Ref.	Year	n	Healing (%)	Recurrence (%)
Moy et al[41]	2006	27	NR	NR
Wilhelm et al[43]	2017	13	69.2	0 (I)
Stijins et al[45]	2019	20	20	NR
Alam et al[46]	2020	20	54	NR

NR: Not reported.

Table 7 The results of fistulectomy with primary sphincter reconstruction

Ref.	Year	n	Healing (%)	Recurrence (%)
Herold et al[48]	2009	10	86	14
Seyfried et al[47]	2018	24	> 85	?