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©The Author(s) 2020.
World J Gastroenterol. Apr 21, 2020; 26(15): 1792-1804
Published online Apr 21, 2020. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i15.1792
Published online Apr 21, 2020. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i15.1792
Table 1 Characteristics of the study population
Characteristic | LNN (n = 668) | LN (n = 142) | ONN (n = 135) | ON (n = 519) | P value | ||
LN-LNN | LN-ONN | LN-ON | |||||
Age (yr) | 55.81 ± 7.92 | 54.33 ± 9.24 | 58.83 ± 6.96 | 56.44 ± 7.26 | 0.258 | 0.000 | 0.049 |
Male sex, n (%) | 310 (46.4%) | 60 (42.3%) | 54 (40.0%) | 202 (38.9%) | 0.283 | 0.307 | 0.199 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 21.23 ± 1.33 | 21.74 ± 1.01 | 26.69 ± 2.27 | 27.98 ± 2.84 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 73.49 ± 5.66 | 76.27 ± 6.03 | 88.22 ± 5.53 | 90.8 ± 6.53 | 0.000 | 0.915 | 0.000 |
Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.83 ± 0.06 | 0.84 ± 0.05 | 0.85 ± 0.06 | 0.92 ± 0.1 | 0.115 | 0.839 | 0.000 |
Waist-to-height ratio | 0.46 ± 0.03 | 0.48 ± 0.03 | 0.51 ± 0.03 | 0.58 ± 0.04 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 130.75 ± 17.05 | 137.81 ± 7.14 | 137.52 ± 17.43 | 142.85 ± 18.44 | 0.984 | 0.639 | 0.099 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 80.14 ± 9.63 | 85.22 ± 9.93 | 84.24 ± 9.62 | 87.09 ± 10.31 | 0.035 | 0.045 | 0.344 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 136 (20.4%) | 52 (36.6%) | 41 (30.4%) | 270 (52.0%) | 0.000 | 0.037 | 0.750 |
MetS, n (%) | 85 (12.7%) | 45 (31.7%) | 42 (31.1%) | 387 (74.6%) | 0.026 | 0.987 | 0.000 |
Hb (g/L) | 127.12 ± 14.81 | 129.98 ± 16.18 | 125.28 ± 13.17 | 130.01 ± 16.71 | 0.046 | 0.023 | 0.991 |
PLT (109/L) | 171.54 ± 46.53 | 186.61 ± 50.94 | 172.26 ± 52.14 | 189.18 ± 57.18 | 0.018 | 0.045 | 0.742 |
ALT (U/L) | 19.71 ± 3.69 | 28.21 ± 14.69 | 23.09 ± 11.38 | 31.57 ± 19.01 | 0.016 | 0.583 | 0.288 |
AST (U/L) | 23.44 ± 11.88 | 24.95 ± 7.58 | 23.38 ± 6.1 | 26.15 ± 9.34 | 0.323 | 0.099 | 0.342 |
AKP (U/L) | 65.24 ± 19.05 | 72.14 ± 15.99 | 62.26 ± 19.65 | 76.35 ± 22.97 | 0.124 | 0.074 | 0.368 |
GGT (U/L) | 19.51 ± 3.89 | 24.31 ± 14.28 | 39.33 ± 43.73 | 46.87 ± 31.4 | 0.128 | 0.141 | 0.002 |
LDH (U/L) | 162.23 ± 25.23 | 175.86 ± 27.05 | 172.09 ± 34.15 | 173.05 ± 26.8 | 0.019 | 0.689 | 0.684 |
ALB (g/L) | 45.74 ± 2.67 | 46.43 ± 2.67 | 45.89 ± 6.09 | 46.76 ± 3.89 | 0.390 | 0.707 | 0.727 |
GLU (mmol/L) | 5.56 ± 0.89 | 5.84 ± 0.92 | 5.67 ± 1.06 | 6.02 ± 1.37 | 0.841 | 0.517 | 0.209 |
TC (mmol/L) | 4.69 ± 0.79 | 4.88 ± 1.01 | 4.72 ± 0.92 | 4.93 ± 0.9 | 0.086 | 0.578 | 0.711 |
TG (mmol/L) | 1.19 ± 0.68 | 1.56 ± 1.28 | 1.37 ± 0.91 | 1.93 ± 1.24 | 0.026 | 0.046 | 0.325 |
LDL-c (mmol/L) | 2.72 ± 0.66 | 2.89 ± 0.86 | 2.83 ± 0.72 | 2.94 ± 0.75 | 0.021 | 0.322 | 0.992 |
HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.54 ± 0.3 | 1.29 ± 0.3 | 1.46 ± 0.41 | 1.34 ± 0.26 | 0.012 | 0.037 | 0.483 |
BUN (mmol/L) | 5.19 ± 1.22 | 5.00± 1.06 | 5.41 ± 1.34 | 5.28 ± 1.22 | 0.055 | 0.015 | 0.072 |
SCr (μmol/L) | 62.84 ± 13.06 | 62.56 ± 13.18 | 61.13 ± 12.48 | 62.8 ± 15.2 | 0.438 | 0.442 | 0.908 |
UA (mmol/L) | 271.83 ± 64.94 | 305.66 ± 72.2 | 284.49 ± 66.4 | 311.17 ± 76.53 | 0.217 | 0.934 | 0.659 |
CAP (dB/m) | 197.06 ± 31.91 | 269.53 ± 2.91 | 207.21 ± 41.08 | 292.4 ± 34.4 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.077 |
E (kPa) | 5.47 ± 1.98 | 4.75 ± 5.27 | 5.86 ± 3.43 | 6.33 ± 2.06 | 0.513 | 0.793 | 0.038 |
FLI score | 11.38 ± 9.56 | 26.58 ± 13.11 | 37.75 ± 21.40 | 60.88 ± 23.35 | 0.000 | 0.036 | 0.017 |
Table 2 Factors associated with presence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in lean participants with a normal waist circumference
Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis1 | |||
OR (95%CI) | P value | OR (95%CI) | P value | |
WHtR | 4.275 (2.242-5.167) | 0.003 | 3.934 (2.543-5.854) | 0.004 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 1.097 (1.036-1.163) | 0.005 | - | - |
Hb (g/L) | 1.051 (1.019-1.084) | 0.000 | 1.042 (1.003-1.082) | 0.033 |
PLT (109/L) | 1.019 (1.009-1.029) | 0.000 | 1.020 (1.006-1.033) | 0.004 |
TG (mmol/L) | 2.243 (1.579-3.204) | 0.000 | 1.946 (1.227-3.085) | 0.005 |
HDL-c (mmol/L) | 0.013 (0.001, 0.128) | 0.000 | - | - |
LDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.512 (1.060, 2.156) | 0.022 | - | - |
Table 3 Performance of fatty liver index and waist-height ratio for diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in lean participants with a normal waist circumference
AUROC (95%CI) | Cutoff value | Sensitivity | Specificity | Youden’s index | |
WHtR | 0.761 (0.712-0.811) | 0.474 | 0.889 | 0.625 | 0.514 |
FLI score | 0.770 (0.721-0.819) | 25.15 | 0.778 | 0.759 | 0.537 |
Table 4 Characteristics of the study population undergoing SNP genotyping
Genotype | LNN (n = 21) | LN (n = 6) | NNN (n = 37) | NN (n = 15) | ONN (n = 9) | ON (n = 44) | P value | ||
LN-LNN | NN-NNN | ON-ONN | |||||||
SIRT1 rs2273773 TT/TC.CC | 10/11 | 1/5 | 22/15 | 6/9 | 2/7 | 29/15 | 0.233 | 0.363 | 0.022 |
APOC3 rs2070666 TT/TA.AA | 8/13 | 3/3 | 16/21 | 6/9 | 7/2 | 17/27 | 1.000 | 0.374 | 0.030 |
PNPLA3 rs738409 CC/CG.GG | 8/13 | 0/6 | 17/20 | 1/14 | 3/6 | 12/32 | 0.370 | 0.014 | 0.237 |
PNPLA3 rs738408 CC/CT.TT | 8/13 | 0/6 | 17/20 | 1/14 | 3/6 | 12/32 | 0.370 | 0.014 | 0.237 |
PNPLA3 rs4823173 GG/GA.AA | 8/13 | 0/6 | 16/21 | 1/14 | 3/6 | 12/32 | 0.277 | 0.010 | 0.237 |
PNPLA3 rs2072906 AA/AG.GG | 7/14 | 0/6 | 15/22 | 1/14 | 3/6 | 12/32 | 0.332 | 0.014 | 0.208 |
AGTR1 rs5186 AA/AC.CC | 17/4 | 5/1 | 33/4 | 13/2 | 9/0 | 39/5 | 0.900 | 0.801 | 0.024 |
AGTR1 rs440881 CC/CA.AA | 0/21 | 0/6 | 0/37 | 0/15 | 0/9 | 0/44 | 0.639 | 0.319 | 0.054 |
- Citation: Zeng J, Yang RX, Sun C, Pan Q, Zhang RN, Chen GY, Hu Y, Fan JG. Prevalence, clinical characteristics, risk factors, and indicators for lean Chinese adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26(15): 1792-1804
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v26/i15/1792.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v26.i15.1792