Copyright
©The Author(s) 2019.
World J Gastroenterol. Sep 28, 2019; 25(36): 5543-5558
Published online Sep 28, 2019. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i36.5543
Published online Sep 28, 2019. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i36.5543
Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients
ID patients | State | Number | Male/female ratio, n (%) | Age, median (IQR) | BMI, median (IQR) |
HC | healthy control | 16 | 7 (14/2) | 46 (9) | 23.8 (1.5) |
CD | celiac disease | 16 | 0.5 (6/12) | 35.5 (21) | 22.1 (3.7) |
AP | adenomatous polyposis | 9 | 1.2 (5/4) | 68 (28) | 24.9 (3.9) |
CRC | colorectal cancer | 19 | 8.5 (17.2) | 80 (13.5) | 24.5 (4.5) |
Table 2 Retention times, ionic signals, internal standards for each short chain fatty acid
SCFA | Rt(min) | Quan. Ion(m/z) | Qual ion(m/z) | ISTD[quant. ion (m/z)] |
Acetic | 5.65 | 60 | - | [2H3]Acetic[63] |
Propionic | 6.08 | 74 | 73 | [2H3]Propionic[77] |
iso-Butyric | 6.22 | 73 | 88 | [2H7]iso-Butyric[77] |
Butyric | 6.53 | 60 | 73 | [2H3]Propionic[77] |
iso-Valeric | 6.73 | 60 | 87 | [2H9]iso-Valeric[63] |
Valeric | 7.08 | 60 | 87 | [2H9]iso-Valeric[63] |
Table 3 Compositions and concentrations of standard and internal standards mixtures
Mixt-ure | Acetic ac. (µg/mL) | Propionic ac. (µg/mL) | Butyric ac. (µg/mL) | isoButyric ac. (µg/mL) | Valeric ac. (µg/mL) | isoValeric ac. (µg/mL) |
Mix 1 | 10000 | 5000 | 5000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 |
Mix 2 | 1000 | 500 | 500 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
[2H3]Acetic (µg/mL) | [2H3]Propionic (µg/mL) | [2H7]iso-Butyric (µg/mL) | [2H9]iso-Valeric (µg/mL) | |||
ISTDs | 1000 | 500 | 100 | 100 |
Table 4 Concentrations of each analyte in the calibration levels
Calibration levels | Acetic ac. (g/mL) | Propionic ac. (g/mL) | Butyric ac. (g/mL) | isoButyric ac. (g/mL) | Valeric ac. (g/mL) | isoValeric ac. (g/mL) |
1 | 10.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
2 | 20.0 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
3 | 50.0 | 25.0 | 25.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 |
4 | 100.0 | 50.0 | 50.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 |
5 | 250.0 | 125.0 | 125.0 | 25.0 | 25.0 | 25.0 |
Table 5 Linear regressions data, R-squared and limit of detection values obtained for each analyte
Compound | Slope PAR (µg/mL) | Intercept PAR (µg/mL) | R2 | LOD SDY-I (µg/mL) |
Acetic | 0.027 | - 0.025 | 0.996 | 11.3 |
Propionic | 0.088 | - 0.142 | 0.996 | 5.9 |
Butyric | 0.213 | - 0.552 | 0.993 | 7.9 |
Isobutyric | 0.357 | - 0.153 | 0.994 | 1.4 |
Valeric | 0.406 | - 0.297 | 0.993 | 1.6 |
Isovaleric | 0.459 | - 0.327 | 0.991 | 1.7 |
Table 6 Median ± standard deviation of each short chain fatty acid’ concentration (μmol/g) in patients and healthy controls
SCFA (μmol/g) | HC | CD | CRC | AP | Intergroup comparisons (P value) | |||||
HC/CD | HC/CRC | HC/AP | CD/CRC | CD/AP | CRC/AP | |||||
Acetic acid | 30.9 ± 14.4 | 37.6 ± 17.9 | 15.4 ± 7.2 | 19.0 ± 17.2 | 0.254 | < 0.001 | 0.0567 | < 0.0001 | 0.031 | 0.772 |
Propionic acid | 7.6 ± 4.3 | 8.3 ± 4.4 | 5.5 ± 2.9 | 7.8 ± 7.1 | 0.615 | 0.230 | 0.559 | 0.116 | 0.357 | 0.809 |
Butyric acid | 7.1 ± 5.9 | 8.0 ± 5.8 | 6.7 ± 5.2 | 9.0 ± 12.4 | 0.401 | 0.756 | 0.636 | 0.502 | 0.357 | 0.629 |
isoButyric acid | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 1.4 ± 1.1 | 0.9 ± 0.9 | 0.008 | 0.116 | 0.889 | 0.831 | 0.357 | 0.187 |
isoValeric acid | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 1.1 | 2.0 ± 3.9 | 0.273 | 0.032 | 0.802 | 0.115 | 0.590 | 0.460 |
Valeric acid | 0.9 ± 0.7 | 1.2 ± 0.7 | 1.4 ± 1.0 | 1.1 ± 1.1 | 0.128 | 0.151 | 1.00 | 0.635 | 0.522 | 0.356 |
Total | 47.7 ± 22.9 | 56.8 ± 27.4 | 32.5 ± 17.5 | 39.8 ± 39.3 | 0.380 | 0.044 | 0.187 | 0.005 | 0.084 | 0.846 |
Table 7 P values of the Wald test conducted on the Dirichlet regression coefficients
Acetic ac. | Propioni ac. | Butyric ac. | Isobutyric ac. | Isovaleric ac. | Valeric ac. | |
HC (Intercept) | 5.56 × 10-12 | 4.29 × 10-5 | 0.00359 | 0.27547 | 0.09552 | 0.28869 |
State CD | 0.145841 | 0.35339 | 0.12181 | 0.07597 | 0.16228 | 0.03966 |
State CRC | 2.07 × 10-5 | 0.00536 | 0.00975 | 0.31373 | 0.42884 | 0.28591 |
State AP | 0.000213 | 0.07797 | 0.06314 | 0.20993 | 0.79231 | 0.36639 |
Age | 0.003016 | 0.92196 | 0.74284 | 0.38750 | 0.25510 | 0.19196 |
Sex | 0.838224 | 0.01121 | 0.00118 | 0.00195 | 0.00213 | 0.00328 |
- Citation: Niccolai E, Baldi S, Ricci F, Russo E, Nannini G, Menicatti M, Poli G, Taddei A, Bartolucci G, Calabrò AS, Stingo FC, Amedei A. Evaluation and comparison of short chain fatty acids composition in gut diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25(36): 5543-5558
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v25/i36/5543.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v25.i36.5543