Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2019.
World J Gastroenterol. Jun 7, 2019; 25(21): 2665-2674
Published online Jun 7, 2019. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i21.2665
Table 1 Patients characteristics
n = 33
Age (yr), median (P25-P75)64 (59-73)
Males, n (%)18 (54.5)
BMI > 25 kg/m2, n (%)26 (78.8)
ALT (UI/L), median (P25-P75)21 (18-26)
Platelets (× 103/μL), median (P25-P75)77 (58-100)
Total bilirubin (mg/dL), median (P25-P75)1.1 (0.8-1.6)
Albumin (g/dL), median (P25-P75)3.9 (3.8-4.1)
Baseline Child-Pugh A/B/C, n (%)25 (75.8)/8 (24.2)/0
HVPG Child-Pugh A/B/C, n (%)30 (90.9)/3 (9.1)/0
Baseline MELD score, median (P25-P75)10 (9-11)
HVPG MELD score, median (P25-P75)9 (8-12)
Baseline TE (kPa), median (P25-P75)24.8 (17.3-34.3)
HVPG TE (kPa), median (P25-P75)21.7 (16.6-26.8)
Baseline ascites, n (%)12 (36.4)
HVPG ascites, n (%)3 (9.1)
Propranolol/Carvedilol, n (%)14 (46.7)/16 (53.3)
Primary prophylaxis indication, n (%)29 (88)
Large oesophageal varices26 (79)
Small oesophageal varices + Child-Pugh B3 (9)
Secondary prophylaxis, n (%)4 (12)
Baseline refers to data before direct-acting antivirals treatment. Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) refers to results on the day of the haemodynamic study. Baseline ascites or under diuretic treatment for previous ascites. The most recent ligations had been performed at least 10 mo before HVPG. BMI: Body mass index; ALT: Alanine-aminotransferase; HVPG: Hepatic venous pressure gradient; MELD: Model for End-Stage Liver Disease; TE: Transient elastography.
Table 2 Univariable analysis of factors associated factors with hepatic venous pressure gradient ≥ 12 mmHg
< 12 mmHg (n = 13)≥ 12 mmHg (n = 20)P
Age (yr), median (P25-P75)63 (55-70)66 (59-73)0.44
Males, n (%)8 (61.5)10 (50)0.72
BMI > 25 kg/m2, n (%)11 (84.6)15 (75)0.67
Baseline albumin (g/dL), median (P25-P75)3.7 (3.4-3.8)3.6 (3.2-3.8)0.54
HVPG albumin (g/dL), median (P25-P75)3.9 (3.8-4.3)3.9 (3.8-4.1)0.33
∆ Albumin (g/dL), median (P25-P75)0.4 (0.1-0.8)0.3 (0.1-0.5)0.59
∆ Albumin (%), median (P25-P75)11.8 (2.6-21.6)9 (2.5-18.2)0.58
Baseline platelets (× 103/μL), median (P25-P75)88 (58-92)58 (44-82)0.19
HVPG platelets (× 103/μL), median (P25-P75)79 (62-100)74 (57-101)0.59
∆ Platelets (× 103/μL), median (P25-P75)5000 (-5000-17000)6500 (-4000-17000)0.89
∆ Platelets (%), median (P25-P75)7.1 (-7.5-17.2)10.9 (-8.4-28.3)0.50
Baseline Child-Pugh A/B/C, n (%)10 (76.9)/3 (23.1)/0 (0)15 (75)/5 (25)/0 (0)1
HVPG Child-Pugh A/B/C, n (%)11 (84.6)/2 (15.4)/0 (0)19 (95)/1 (5)/0 (0)0.54
∆ Child Pugh0 (-1-0)-0.5 (-1-0)0.59
Baseline MELD score, median (P25-P75)10 (9-11)10 (8-11)0.58
HVPG MELD score, median (P25-P75)9 (8-10)10 (8-12)0.50
∆ MELD score, median (P25-P75)-1 (-1-0)0 (-1-1.5)0.045
Baseline TE (kPa), median (P25-P75)21.1 (15.6-32)27.7 (18.4-34.3)0.39
HVPG TE (kPa), median (P25-P75)20.3 (14.1-24.5)23.3 (17.9-29.9)0.31
∆ TE (kPa), median (P25-P75)-6.2 (-10.7-2.1)-4.3 (-7.8-3.4)0.51
∆ TE (%), median (P25-P75)-26.7 (-40.7-12.4)-13.8 (-29.6-21.8)0.69
Baseline ascites, n (%)4 (30.8)8 (40)0.72
HVPG ascites, n (%)1 (7.7)2 (10)1
BB prophylaxis, n (%)0.13
Primary13 (100)16 (80)
Secondary04 (20)
Baseline refers to data before direct-acting antivirals treatment. Hepatic venous pressure gradient refers to results on the day of the haemodynamic study. Baseline ascites or under diuretic treatment for previous ascites. BMI: Body mass index; HVPG: Hepatic venous pressure gradient; MELD: Model for End-Stage Liver Disease; TE: Transient elastography; BB: Betablockers; ∆: delta.
Table 3 Correlation between upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and hepatic venous pressure gradient
n = 27 (%)No varicesSmall varicesLarge varicesTotal
HVPG < 12 mmHg1 (3.7)91 (33.3)2 (7.4)12
HVPG ≥ 12 mmHg1 (3.7)112 (40.7)3 (11.1)15
220527
1Two patients with baseline small oesophageal varices + Child-Pugh B;
2One patient with baseline small oesophageal varices + Child-Pugh B. HVPG: Hepatic venous pressure gradient.