Endoscopic resection of the pancreatic tail and subsequent wound healing mechanisms in a porcine model

Table 1 Results of endoscopic observation of the stomach, endoscopic ultrasound observation of the pancreas, and histological changes of pancreatic wound at 3 d, 7 d, and 14 d after operation

	3 d after operation	7 d after operation	14 d after operation
Results of endoscopic observation of the stomach	No shift of metal clips; local mucosa surrounding the wounds converged and the wounds healed well	Detachment of 1-3 metal clips; local mucosa surrounding the wounds converged and red scars on the wound surfaces could be seen	Detachment of all clips; ulcers formed locally and a small amount of white moss was found on the surface
Results of endoscopic ultrasound observation of the pancreas
Experimental group one	A small amount of hypoechoic effusion around the pancreatic wound; the metal clips at the wound site	The presentation was the same as that at 3 d after operation	The presentation was the same as that at 3 d after operation
Experimental group two	A small amount of hypoechoic effusion around the pancreatic wound; the metal clips at the wound site	There were visible effusions in the tail of the pancreas and its boundaries were clear; the metal clips at the wound site	There were visible effusion and accumulation; the metal clips at the wound site
Histological changes of pancreatic wound
Experimental group one	More inflammatory cells infiltrating in the interstitium, a small amount of fibroblasts, and a small amount of neovascularization can be seen	Numerous inflammatory cells infiltrating the interstitium, more fibroblasts, and more neovascularization can be seen	Fewer inflammatory cells infiltrating in the interstitium, numerous fibroblasts, and numerous areas of neovascularization
Experimental group two	Numerous inflammatory cells infiltrating the interstitium, fewer fibroblasts, and fewer neovascularization	Numerous inflammatory cells infiltrating in the interstitium, more fibroblasts, more neovascularization, and a small amount of necrotic tissue on the margin can be seen	Fewer inflammatory cells infiltrating the interstitium, more fibroblasts, and more neovascularization can be seen