Serum Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer level predicts hepatocellular carcinoma development in E-negative chronic hepatitis B patients

Table 1 Baseline demographics of the 207 patients

Characteristics	Value
Gender (male, %)	118 (57%)
Age of HBeAg seroconversion (yr)	40 (34-45)1
Follow-up duration (yr)	13.1 (11.8-15.5)1
Liver biochemistry
Bilirubin (μmoL/L)	12 (9-16)1
ALP (U/L)	69 (57-82)1
AST (U/L)	29 (23-37)1
ALT (U/L)	32 (21-50)1
GGT (U/L)	23 (16-36)1
Albumin (g/dL)	43 (41-45)1
Globulin	34 (31-36)1
AFP (ng/mL)	4 (3-7)1
HBV DNA (log IU/mL)	4 (3-5.4)1
Baseline M2BPGi	0.42 (0.27-0.68)1

¹Median and values in brackets represented interquartile range. AFP: Alpha feto protein; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; GGT: Gamma glutamyl transferase; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HBeAg: Hepatitis B e antigen; M2BPGi: Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer.

Table 2 Factors associated with development of hepatocellular carcinoma in 207 treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B patients

	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	HCC (n = 14)	No HCC (n = 193)	P value	OR	95%CI	P value
Gender (being male, %)	10 (71.4%)	108 (56%)	0.403
Age of HBeAg seroconversion (yr)	53	39	< 0.001	1.196	1.034-1.382	0.016
Bilirubin (μmoL/L)	11	10	0.797
ALP (U/L)	74	58	0.177
AST (U/L)	44	24	0.002	1.042	0.906-1.199	0.564
ALT (U/L)	61	27	0.007	1.030	0.969-1.094	0.347
GGT (U/L)	59	22	0.003	0.981	0.932-1.033	0.471
Albumin (g/L)	43	44	0.427
Globulin	36	34	0.157
AFP (ng/mL)	4	3	0.587
HBV DNA (log IU/mL)	4.6	4.0	0.446
Baseline M2BPGi (COI)	1.39	0.38	< 0.001	4.666	1.296-16.802	0.018
5-year M2BPGi (COI)	1.45	0.47	< 0.001
10-year M2BPGi (COI)	1.2	0.55	0.001
5-year LS (kPa)	12.6	6.4	0.028
Cirrhosis (%)	13 (92.8%)	22 (11.4%)	< 0.001	7.142	0.270-188.693	0.239
Treatment after HBeAg seroconversion	10 (71.4%)	92 (47.7%)	0.102
HBsAg seroclearance (%)	0 (0%)	7 (3.6%)	0.608

AFP: Alpha feto protein; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; CI: Confidence interval; GGT: Gamma glutamyl transferase; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HBeAg: Hepatitis B e antigen; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surgace antigen; LS: Liver stiffness; M2BPGi: Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer; OR: Odds ratio.