Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic liver disease due to hepatitis B or C and coinfected with the human immunodeficiency virus: A retrospective cohort study

Table 1 Characteristics of patients with chronic liver disease due to hepatitis B or C virus, with and without human immunodeficiency virus

Characteristics	HIV+ (n = 399)	HIV- (n = 405)	P value
Age, yr	36.7 ± 10	46.3 ± 12.5	< 0.001
Male gender	249 (62.4)	197 (48.6)	< 0.001
Caucasian	285 (71.4)	352 (86.9)	< 0.001
	n = 390	n = 343
Diabetes or glucose intolerance	57 (14.6)	100 (29.2)	< 0.001
	n = 247	n = 184
Illicit drugs	161 (65.2)	41 (22.3)	< 0.001
	n = 283	n = 269
Alcohol	119 (42.0)	96 (35.7)	0.138
	n = 399	n = 404
Hepatitis B	82 (20.6)	49 (12.1)	0.002
	n = 81	n = 35
Treatment	77 (95.1)	13 (37.1)	< 0.001
	n = 395	n = 399
Hepatitis C	333 (84.3)	361 (90.5)	0.010
	n = 292	n = 296
Genotype 1	192 (65.8)	157 (53.0)	0.005
Genotype 2	19 (6.5)	17 (5.7)
Genotype 3	79 (27.1)	119 (40.2)
Other1	2 (0.7)	3 (1.0)
	n = 325	n = 338
Treatment	102 (31.4)	151 (44.7)	< 0.001
	n = 399	n = 405
Hospital admissions	359 (90.0)	249 (61.5)	< 0.001
	n = 399	n = 399
Cirrhosis	66 (16.5)	125 (31.3)	< 0.001

Data presented as average ± SD or n (%).

¹Other related genotypes (genotype 4, genotype associations between 1 and 4, 1 and 2, 3 and 4). HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus.

Table 2 Characteristics of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma¹

Characteristics	HIV+ (n = 10)	HIV- (n= 26)	P value
Age, yr	42.1 ± 8.3	53.7 ± 10.6	0.004
Male gender	8 (80.0)	18 (69.2)	0.689
Caucasian	9 (90.0)	24 (92.3)	> 0.999
Diabetes or glucose intolerance	2 (20.0)	10 (41.7)	0.432
	n = 9	n = 22
Alcohol	7 (77.8)	10 (45.5)	0.132
	n = 10	n = 26
Hepatitis B	1 (10.0)	2 (7.7)	> 0.99
Hepatitis C	9 (90.0)	24 (92.3)	> 0.99
Child- Pugh	n = 8	n = 25
A	2 (25.0)	11 (44.0)	0.735
B	5 (62.5)	11 (44.0)
C	1 (12.5)	3 (12.0)
	n = 7	n = 22
MELD	13.7 ± 5.1	10.9 ± 4.2	0.157
	n = 10	n = 26
Milan criteria2	3 (30.0)	14 (53.8)	0.157
	n = 10	n = 24
Alpha-fetoprotein, ng/mL	276 (23-18750)	20 (4-113)	0.038

Data presented as average ± SD or n (%). ¹All patients who developed hepatocellular carcinoma in this study had liver cirrhosis;

²Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma satisfying the following criteria: single lesion < 5 cm or up to three lesions < 3 cm, without vascular tumor invasion and/or distant metastasis. HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; MELD: Model for End-Stage Liver Disease.

Table 3 Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic liver disease due to hepatitis B or C, with and without human immunodeficiency virus

HIV	n	HCC	%	Patient-years	Rate × 100 patient-years	RR	95%CI	P value
+	399	10	2.5	3963.80	0.25	-	-	-
-	405	26	6.4	3624.50	0.72	2.98	1.43-6.18	0.003
Model 2: adjusted for age						1.29	0.58-2.87	0.529
Model 3: adjusted for age and DM						1.27	0.56-2.88	0.571
Model 4: adjusted for age, DM and alcohol						1.23	0.52-2.95	0.638

HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; RR: Rate ratio; DM: Diabetes mellitus.

Table 4 Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients

HIV	n	HCC	%	Patient-years	Rate of 100 patient-years	RR	95%CI	P value
+	66	10	15.2	649.75	1.54	-	-	-
-	125	26	20.8	1125.88	2.31	1.60	0.77-3.32	0.207

Table 5 Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients adjusted for Human immunodeficiency virus, age, diabetes mellitus and alcohol

Characteristic	RRc	95%CI	P value	RRa	95%CI	P value
HIV	1.60	0.77-3.32	0.207	0.60	0.23-1.62	0.313
Age (by 10 yr)	1.80	1.75-1.86	< 0.001	2.20	2.12-2.30	0.001
DM	0.96	0.48-1.95	0.913	0.97	0.44-2.14	0.930
Alcohol	1.29	0.64-2.62	0.480	2.31	1.02-5.23	0.046

HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; RRc: Crude rate ratio; RRa: Adjusted rate ratio; DM: Diabetes mellitus.